Young was too cleverand too religiously devoutto have destroyed the emigrants and thus irreparably harm the reputation of his people. Brigham Young ( / brm /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. After this attack, Smiths successor, Brigham Young, led the Mormons West. Brigham Young tried to stop the massacre. The winners of the Church History Museums 12th International Art Competition have been announced, and the artwork is breathtaking. By the summer of 1877, Young's health was in decline, but he continued to play an active role in the Mormon church up until the end. In 1857, President James Buchanan declared Utah to be in a state of rebellion, and sent some 2,500 federal troops to help replace Young as territorial governor. A devoted missionary and supporter of Smith, Young was ordained as one of the original members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, a church governing body, in 1835; he became its president four years later. Every Latter-day Saint knows the importance of the six days in August 1844 when Brigham Young and the Twelve Apostles were sustained at Nauvoo as Joseph Smith's successors. He was a model Latter-day Saint; a good man possessed in large measure with friendliness, integrity, optimism, and unswerving loyalty to his leaders., Smith had a strong relationship with both the Prophet Joseph Smith and President Brigham Young during his apostleship. Young said that the company that was used up at Mountain Meadows were the fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, and connections of those that murdered the prophets; they merited their fate, and the only thing that ever troubled him was the lives of the women and children, but that under the circumstances this could not be avoided. Sept. 11 was a tragic date in American history long before the terrorist attacks of 2001. What is are the functions of diverse organisms? DJ Ferguson, 31, is in dire need of a new heart, but Brigham and. He declared that: "I will fight them and I will fight all hell!" The Church had been tense against the federal government ever since the murder of their founder and Mormon prophet, Joseph Smith, at the hands of an Illinois lynch mob in 1844. The latter is filed in sequential order in Youngs well-preserved and bound letter books. In an address he gave at General Conference (a semi-annual meeting of the Latter-day Saints), he announced, Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? What are the answers to studies weekly week 26 social studies? Enter your email to receive updates on our LDS Living content, 2022 LDS Living A Division of Deseret Book Company. How do you put shoes on a cloven-footed ox? On. Every religion has less-than-savory moments hidden in its history. But, I can hear Mormon historians object, this is purely circumstantial evidence Young actually ordered the killings. Could be, but its no more circumstantial than the evidence O.J. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. He was a brother of the Mormon prophet, Brigham Young (1801-1877). His grandson and namesake, George Albert Smith, later became an apostle and prophet of the Church. By doing so, we may get a better understanding of Rupert, who . he led the Mormon raiders to attack and burn supply wagons of the U.S. militia sent to kill the saints. Mormons are a religious group that embrace concepts of Christianity as well as revelations made by their founder, Joseph Smith. Brigham Young was a rough-hewn craftsman from New York whose impoverished and obscure life was electrified by the Mormon faith. The Christian faith centers on beliefs regarding the birth, life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. According to Mormon doctrines, prophets speak to God and communicate God's will to Mormons. show. The Latter-day Saint community [in Las Vegas is] vibrant across every facetpolitically, public service, charitable. Meadows, not big enough to be a settlement, he reports to Bishop Higbee in Cedar City. Isaac Haights stake high council opposed the attack, and sent a messenger to Salt Lake City for Youngs advice on September 6. The little boy and his sister were at a friend's house in Wyoming earlier this month when a 1 . Brigham Young wasn't the only latter-day prophet to have such close experiences with death. Matthew Easton, a 24-year-old political science major, told an audience of thousands, "I'm not broken." (She also established from the most impeccable Mormon sources that Brigham Young had obstructed a murder investigation for 18 years, which made him guilty of felony murder.). Trumpeter Keyon . Amid the tensions, however, a band of armed Mormons attacked a wagon train of non-Mormons heading west from Arkansas in a valley known as Mountain Meadows in September 1857. In 1867, a group of non-Mormon pioneers from Missouri and Arkansas were trying to pass through Utah on their way to California but ran into trouble as they tried to get through the Beehive State. After guiding an exodus of thousands of Mormons westward to the Great Salt Lake Valley, Young founded Salt Lake City and served as the first governor of the Utah Territory. But lets back up a little farther to see why. Unfortunately, these actions and the menacing content of Sidney Rigdons July 4 speech led to Governor Lilburn Boggs signing an order to exterminate all Mormons in Missouri. They were clubbed, stabbed or shot at point-blank range, then stripped and left to be scavenged by wolves and buzzards. The alleged rape came in the context of the bloody Mormon War of 1838, which saw the massacre of eighteen unsuspecting Mormon men and boys during an attack on a settlement by Missouri non-Mormons . When Mormons were living in Daviess County, Missouri, he delivered a fiery oration on Independence Day of 1838 in which he promised that the Missourians who Mormons felt were persecuting them (the sentiments had some justification although Mormons did their fair share of antagonizing as well) would need to stop any disputes with the Mormons or face a war of extermination. This video is private Watch on My dear brothers and sisters, Wendy and I have looked forward to being with you today. Will Bagley, a history columnist for the Salt Lake Tribune, is the author of Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows published by the University of Oklahoma Press. As a church leader, Brigham Young stood in marked contrast to his predecessor, the charismatic, idealistic, and theologically innovative Joseph Smith. He was the ninth of eleven children, growing up in an unsettled frontier environment characterized by frequent family moves to various communities throughout upstate New York. Experience in wood framing, excavation, roofing, painting, concrete, etc. It misfired six times, and he then pointed it at a post and all six shots discharged properly" (Remembering Joseph" by Mark L. McConkie, 73-74). Writing a polemic trying to blame Brigham Young would be self-defeating, just as writing an apologia to clear his skirts would ultimately have to justify murder. The seeing of our faithful Elders slaughtered in cold blood, he wrote after his friends death, is at times almost to[o] grevious to be borne, but as the Spirit within me whispers, peace be still. This advice was never changed. They are also among a cadre of doctors across the country who are confronting mounting intimidation on social media, and threats of violence. The proclamation is very clear: . Not historical conspiracies created by authors speculating about the past. (Above) John D. Lee sits on his coffin moments before being executed for reportedly ordering the Mountain Meadows attack. Young unambiguously condoned the attack afterwards. But that life would rest read more, Mountains, high plateaus and deserts form most of Utahs landscape. Brigham Young at Home is a valuable addition to the history of the home life of pioneer days. [2] Shortly after their baptisms, Phineas Young and Joseph Young became ordained elders in the church began preaching as missionaries in New York and Upper Canada. Brigham Young (pictured) is revered by Mormons as the second prophet of modern times. 19. Anti-Mormons have long claimed that Mormon leader Brigham Young ordered the massacre. No. If those who are there will leave let them go in peace. Though many suspected Young of ordering or at least covering up the attack, John Lee, an adopted son of Youngs, was the only Mormon brought to trial for the Mountain Meadows massacre; he was executed in 1877. For example, George W. Bean was called as a Seventy at age 14; Don Carlos Smith was called to preside over the High Priests Quorum at age 19; Joseph F. Smith was ordained as an elder and sent on a mission at age 15; and George A. Smith was called to be a member of the First Quorum of the Seventy at age 17 and as an apostle in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles at age 21, making him the youngest apostle to ever serve in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (500 Little-Known Facts in Mormon History). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has steadfastly denied responsibility. A disgraced former Geography professor at Mormon-founded Brigham Young University in Utah who was charged with sexually abusing a female students after allegedly telling her she needed to straddle . Fifty-three years ago Juanita Brooks classic study, The Mountain Meadows Massacre, concluded the crime was the result of one unfortunate circumstance after another. Even though Young blessed it as a place to begin anew,his fears of continued religious persecution may have caused him to order a massacre. Several church leaders, including Young, were later charged under the law; Young was not convicted, but a case involving his secretary, George Reynolds, went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, which in 1879 unanimously decided that the law was constitutional and the First Amendment did not protect polygamy. According to this story, they told him that all religions existing at the time were abominations. Young replied. Conditions Governing Access Open for public research. In 1835, the Three Witnesses selected Young as one of the inaugural members of the Quorum of the Twelve. Young, himself, was subjected to house arrest for several weeks in 1872 and jailed briefly in March 1875. "Settlers burned and vandalized at least 200 buildings in four Palestinian villages," according to The New York Times. He governed the territory as a theocracy, with church doctrines taking precedence over laws. In early September, they stopped to rest at Mountain Meadows. On the 7th, Lee attacked with militia men and some Paiute Indians he had recruited. Sharon Smith & Mike Leach Were Friends at Brigham Young University; Mike Used to Visit Her Apartment to Watch Television Sharon Smith and Mike Leach both attended Brigham Young University. Particularly telling is the testimony of those who did the killing at the Meadows. They looted and gutted shops and set fire to numerous homes, stores, and government buildings until nearly all homes in Daviess County not owned by Mormons were destroyed. Throughout the revolution, Phineas' wife Clarissa was also baptized about this same time. On April 15, 1832, Young and his brother John were baptized into the Latter Day Saint Church of Christ. People make what they want of the facts in my book, Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows, but for most readers, the evidence about who ordered the massacre is overwhelming. All Rights Reserved. While it's clear that the Lord's prophets have often been preserved to perform sacred works, it is also clear that these near-death experiences provided Brigham Young with unparalleled insight into the nature of the spirit world. Among other policies, he continued the limitations on African American participation in the church, instituting a ban on Black men receiving the Mormon priesthood. Reared in the famous Beehive House, Mrs. Spencer has carried with her through life the patient, loving influence of her parents. As she goes back in memory to the old home, she revives the scenes and varied events . Park City, Utah, United States. Brigham Young urged every Mormon to resist the American military. President Brigham Young ordained his 11-year-old son John Willard Young as an apostle shortly after John received his temple endowment, though John never joined the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. While it started with a small group of adherents, many historians regard read more, The political and religious leader Roger Williams (c. 1603?-1683) is best known for founding the state of Rhode Island and advocating separation of church and state in Colonial America. Apparently I succeeded, since critics in the employ of the LDS Church claim I dont prove Brigham Young ordered the murders. Published Aug. 16, 2021 Updated Aug. 17, 2021 At Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, beards have been banned on campus since the rise of the counterculture movement, when they were thought. This applied to countries as well as individuals. Niggas Sooooo Good 06. A wagon train of around 120 emigrants, mostly families from Arkansas, was bound for California. Two weeks later on Jan. 4, 2023, the home turned into a horrific crime scene after Michael Haight shot and killed his five children 4-year-old Gavin, 7-year-old twins Sienna and Ammon, 12-year-old Brilee, and 17-year-old Macie as well as 40-year-old Tausha and her mother, 78-year-old Gail Earl. He went on to become a missionary in England. [4] By 1841 he had relocated to Nauvoo. Militia orders to the Mormon army carried Youngs words on the reverse: Shed no blood., When the books are opened in the day of judgment, declared an associate who was at his side in 1857, these things will be proven to heaven and earth.. When the United States claimed sovereignty over the area in 1848, Mormons petitioned Congress for recognition, and in 1850 the United States organized Utah Territory. 52 or thereabouts. By John G. Turner. Despite the clean-cut image of family-oriented conservatives that the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (commonly known as the Mormon Church) presents to the world, it too has moments of darkness in its past. Anonymous. for construction and . The Indians we expect will do as they please but you should try and preserve good feelings with them. Young denounced Justice Perry Brocchus as either profoundly ignorant or corruptly wicked soon after his arrival, and ultimately all three federal officers gave up hopes of effective cooperation and left the territory. Young returned east to lead a second company of Mormons to the region in late 1847, and in 1848 was officially selected as the churchs new president. Witnesses later testified about Haslams dramatic arrival in Salt Lake City, the writing of the letter and its dispatch South. Haight then turned the gun on himself. When they turned up at the Smithsonian Institute in the 1920s, they were returned to the Mormon Church. Nor did Pratts death stir blood lust. Reading the September 2000 True West article by Glenn Shirley, titled, A Tireless Energy & Nerves of Steel, I was fascinated by Caroline Bonneville. While several reasons for this statement may be suggested, most persuasive is the ebb and flow of the local decision-making during the weeklong event. Prosecutors in New York City are investigating an incident in which a jazz musician said his 14-year-old son was attacked by a woman who falsely accused him of taking her iPhone. Brigham Young https://www.mormonnewsroom.org Thousands of exhausted, freezing pioneers marching across dozens of inches of snow in the dead of night, their end goal hundreds of miles away, all led by one man: Brigham Young. Brigham Young clearly wasn't free of his ex-wife just yet. After spending the winter of 1846-47 in a camp along the Missouri River between Iowa and Nebraska, Young headed further west with 142 men, including six apostles, three women and two children, in April 1847. In this inspiring look at near-death experiences, authors Brent and Wendy Top illustrate how numerous recorded accounts of near-death experiences relate to Latter-day Saint teachings. Young won the leadership and Strang was considered a heretic and excommunicated from the Mormon Church. But in 1517 Luther penned a document attacking the Catholic Churchs corrupt practice read more, Christianity is the most widely practiced religion in the world, with more than 2 billion followers. Though he initially resisted adapting the churchs controversial custom of plural marriage, Young later embraced it as his duty, and would eventually have 55 wives and 56 (or 57) children. He later became a prominent pioneer in southern Utah, and St. George, Utah, may have been named after him. Dates 1940-1970 Creator Mackay, Eleanor White (Person) Language of Materials Materials are in English. They were murdered by a small Mormon militia and its Indian allies in a horrible ploy: after a four-day gun battle with their attackers, the pioneers accepted a truce that turned out to be a deadly lie. Seeking a place where they could avoid the persecution that had driven them from Ohio and Missouri, Young and the other apostles planned a westward exodus of thousands of Mormons from the settlement in Nauvoo, Illinois to the Great Salt Lake Valley, then part of Mexico. An anti-Mormon mob killed Joseph and Hyrum Smith in Carthage, Illinois. Of course, anti-Young historians say otherwise. In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. Sidney Rigdon was, for a time, the second most powerful person in Mormonism. Western Pride Enterprise. . Seventeen children who were too young to remember the attack were spared. On Sept. 11, 1857, a Mormon militia in southern Utah . Brigham Young neither ordered nor approved of the Mountain Meadows Massacre beforehand, but his unwillingness to cooperate with federal officials precipitated the crisis, and his subsequent actions and rhetoric inflamed tensions rather than calming them. Young undertook a careful study of the book and eventually passed it on to others in his family, including his brothers Brigham, Joseph and John. [Young] is not only the president here but he is the president of the states and kingdoms of this world no matter if they have not elected him. In a very real sense, Brigham Young was the law. What are the 4 major sources of law in Zimbabwe? Hiding Rockwells role in expressing Eleanor to Utah from my late friend Hal was evidence that had been carefully suppressed. Young, Brigham Born June 1, 1801 Whitingham, Vermont Died August 29, 1877 Salt Lake City, Utah Religious leader Mormon leader Brigham Young led his followers on a trek across the American plains to the Great Salt Lake Valley in present-day Utah. Earlier versions featured only Jesus or angels appearing to Smith. Since John Willard was ordained at such a young age, after the death of President Lorenzo Snow, he would have become the next president of the Church instead of President Joseph Fielding Smith. Five bank robbers convicted of, Tensions over Chinese immigrant labor came to a head in Rock Springs, Wyoming on September, The Fall Creek Massacre was all too typicalseven whites murdering nine Indians in Indiana in. Logically, the idea of ordering a massacre as 2,500 U.S. troops marched upon Salt Lake City is absurd. He is called the "American Moses" because of his leadership of the "Mormon Exodus" to the western territories. On September 4, Mormon stake president and major in the Nauvoo Legion Isaac Haight ordered Legion member John D. Lee to lead an attack on the company. He died of appendicitis in August of 1877. Then, his relationship with Joseph Smith (depicted above in a statue at the Temple Squares North Visitors Center) suffered due to a number of factors that strained the friendship including when Smith tried to marry Rigdons daughter (while Smith was already married) and his refusal to support polygamy. He is also the founder of the first Baptist church in America. On August 29, 1877, Brigham Young died in Salt Lake City at the age of 76. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. And in the fall of 1842, Brigham Young faced a mysterious and deadly illness. Sometimes, he would send the husbands on missions in foreign countries and marry their wives while they were away and unable to object. Historian D. Michael Quinn succinctly describes Youngs actions shortly after the massacre: Apostle Wilford Woodruff, the official church historian, recorded that when Young first visited the mass burial site, he said that the memorial plaque should read: Vengeance is mine and I have taken a little.. Phineas Young was an older brother of Brigham Young, who was the president of the LDS Church and the first governor of the Territory of Utah. Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. Johnson earned his freedom and owned a 250-acre farm, and his son . Adding fuel to Mormon rage, they argue, was the killing, a few months before the massacre, of Apostle Parley P. Pratt. The Utah War was resolved in 1858, with Young agreeing to step aside in favor of the new governor (though he remained de facto leader in the territory). Israeli settlers "torched dozens of cars and homes in a Palestinian town" as retaliation on Sunday evening, and one Palestinian was killed during the chaos, The Associated Press reported. In 1853, he became the second counselor to David Fullmer in the presidency of the Salt Lake Stake of the church. How did the widow Pratt cross 1,500 dusty miles in a mere 21 days? The Mountain Meadows Massacre was a horrible atrocity, and the conduct of some Mormons involved in it was deplorable: strong words from the Tabernacle pulpit, Saints seeking vengeance because of their past persecution, Youngs risky Native American alliance, senseless acts by some local Mormon leaders, Utahs troubling episodes of extralegal violence and most awful, the terrible killing at Mountain Meadows. (1975) "Letters of Brigham Young to His Sons Dean C. Jessee," BYU Studies Quarterly: He married single women and widows. Cold Milk 07. Brigham Young, second President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, better known as the Mormon Church, ranks among the most influential and important historical figures not just in Mormon, but also in American history. That progressed into a host of angels, then it evolved to God appearing to Smith in a pillar of fire. The winners of the Church History Museums 12th International Art Competition have been announced, and the artwork is breathtaking. Ron Walker is one of the three Mormon historians writing the upcoming rebuttal to be published by Oxford University Press. Why did he threaten honest men who called for justice in the matter? Then rumors began to arise that the pioneers had been destroying fences, burning fields, and making threats against the Mormons, although none of the rumors were ever substantiated. The council sought to create a Mormon-Indian alliance, and to make such an arrangement attractive to the Indians, Young allegedly told them that he would no longer stop them from stealing emigrant cattle on the California Trail. Shortly after the outbreak of the Civil War, Brigham Young and his entourage visited Mountain Meadows for the first time since 1857. Wild Bill Hickman, a famed gunslinger and friend of the Mormon leader, actually claimed that Young had ordered him to commit some of those murders. In regard to emigrating trains arriving and passing through our settlements, he wrote in a letter designed to restore calm in Southern Utah, We must not interfere with them. These clear and difficult-to-misread words were rushed to Cedar City after Young received an express from local setters there telling him of pending trouble.
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