https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197, Klussman, K., Nichols, A. L., Langer, J., & Curtin, N. (2020). Priscilla Rose Prasath, Peter C. Mather, Christine Suniti Bhat, Justine K. James. Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social distancing, lockdowns, cancelled or limited leisure activities and tutorials and supervision for students taking place digital. In this context, positive coping strategies and PsyCap may be increasingly valuable assets for university students to address the psychological challenges associated with this pandemic and to maintain or enhance their well-being. Medicine, Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000175, Johnson, R. (2020). Fig 2. Wiley. The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking Universities across Priscilla Rose Prasath, PhD, MBA, LPC (TX), is an assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Karen. 10.3390/ijerph18010355 You want to measure coping but your protocols too long: Consider the Brief COPE. The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting the life you want. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. Predicting PERMA Elements From Psychological Capital Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. Madhyastha, S., Latha, K. S., & Kamath, A. However, there is a paucity of research to address the possible impacts of the pedagogical shift integrated into new online platforms on learning, interaction, and assessment, especially in higher education settings from the vantage point of EFL Finkelstein-Fox, L., & Park, C. L. (2019). By administering the PERMA-Profiler to university students, counselors could identify and understand what dimension of well-being should be further developed (Umucu et al., 2020). Fig 3. There was however an interesting shift in the predictive role of PsyCap dimensions before and after the onset of COVID-19. Gallagher RP. The survey link was also distributed via a national counselor education listserv, and it was shared on the authors social media platforms. Students are dealing with a variety of social-emotional issues during the COVID-19 pandemic from a lack of basic resources in the home, such as food, a deficit in coping skills, or perhaps a lack of internet access. 44106-7164, Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, COVID-19: Our Body, Our Brains, Our Trauma. The coping strategy of behavioral, Fig 6. WebCOVID-19 pandemic made a sudden shift of all ages to online learning and distance learning instructions. Overall, as seen in Table 1, all three variables studiedPsyCap HERO dimensions, eight PERMA elements, and coping strategieswere highly related. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1546182, Wan, W. (2020). Physical Activity and Mental Health of Medical Students from Poland and Belarus-Countries with Different Restrictive Approaches during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Journal of Education for Business, 87(5), 253259. Cronbachs alpha coefficients as a measure of internal consistency of the HERO subscales in the current study were highhope ( = .86), self-efficacy ( = .86), resilience ( = .73), and optimism ( = .83)consistent with the previous studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Mental Health Status and Coping among Portuguese Higher Education Students in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. This situation clearly showed the students' helplessness and difficulties with coping with this new, stressful situation, highlighted in many previous studies. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the functioning of universities worldwide. The coping strategy of active coping (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 4. The COVID-19 pandemic may be stressful. Depression is a state of low mood that can lead to several negative outcomes on thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and even physical state. As a result, they had to adopt different coping strategies to overcome the predicament that they were trapped in. WebCoping Strategies Used by Student Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review. Are you able to do these activities? A suffering generation: Six factors contributing to the mental health crisis in North American higher education. Correspondence may be addressed to Priscilla Rose Prasath, 501 W. Cesar E. Chavez Boulevard, Durango Building, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, priscilla.prasath@utsa.edu. Fig 1. One of the distinguishing characteristics of PsyCap is its malleability and openness to change and development (Avey, Reichard et al., 2011; F. Luthans et al., 2006). Interestingly, using emotional support also showed a similar mediating link between resilience and PERMA, but not for the factors of loneliness and negative emotion. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 20(1), 5165. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1469738, Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). (2019). The main coping methods used were watching movies and listening to music (81%), playing sports (80%), praying (75%), rigorously applying social distancing measures Torinomi C, Lindenberg K, Mltner A, Herpertz SC, Holm-Hadulla RM. Investigating Mental Health of US College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. The COVID-19 pandemic has meant additional stress, fear, and worry for many families. L = Loneliness. It is this balance of positive and negative emotions that contributes to life satisfaction (Diener & Larsen, 1993), and our findings support the notion that fostering particular positive psychological states (PsyCap), as well as engaging in related coping strategies, promotes well-being in the context of this large-scale crisis. During the pandemic, optimism, hope, and resiliency have been significant predictors of well-being. Get up, go to bed and do your work at the same time every day. Trauma, recovery, and growth: Positive psychological perspectives on posttraumatic stress. https://www.chronicle.com/article/distanced-learning, Huckins, J. F., DaSilva, A. W., Wang, W., Hedlund, E., Rogers, C., Nepal, S. K., Wu, J., Obuchi, M., Murphy, E. I., Although mental health distress has been an issue on college campuses prior to the pandemic (Flatt, 2013; Lipson et al., 2019), COVID-19 has and will continue to magnify this phenomenon. COVID-19 is challenging us to be creative in being emotionally close but socially distant. These strategies can be harmful and unhealthy with regard to effectively coping with stressors. (2013). Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Reduction in Well-Being Related to COVID-19 B., Avolio, B. J., Norman, S. M., & Combs, G. M. (2006). How Do I Feel Better When The World Is Burning? Flatt, A. K. (2013). The impact of business school students psychological capital on academic performance. As a flexible learning method, most schools chose online distance learning (ODL). Dont judge yourself; just do the best you can. Changes in the PERMA Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. Your classmates, friends or family members may be disobeying the rules about physical distancing or doing other things that add to your stress. (F. Luthans et al., 2015, p. 2). The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(2), 7382. You dont have to fix their problems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267283. In this study, accepting the realities, using alternative affirmative explanations, seeking social support for meeting emotional needs, and engaging in active problem-focused coping behaviors seem to be the most helpful ways to counter the negative effects of the pandemic on well-being. The 14 subscales may be broadly classified into two types of responsesadaptive and problematic (Carver, 1997, p. 98). In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students' daily functioning. Universities across the country closed for in-person instruction and activities, transitioning to remote learning. (2017). Specifically, adaptive coping strategies played a significant role in enhancing the positive effects of PsyCap on well-being. Simon & Schuster. Grieve those losses, then reframe how you think about these life events. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 282294. Both individual counseling and group-based programming focused on PsyCap and positive coping strategies could support the well-being of university students as they experience ongoing stressors related to the pandemic or as they face other setbacks. All of these changes may have influenced students health During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents emerged as one of the most Over the past decade, PsyCap has been applied to university student development and mental health. 500 Montgomery Street,Suite 820Alexandria, VA. 22314Phone (703) 684.7722Toll Free (800) 969.6642Fax (703) 684.5968. Seligman (2011) proposed a theory of well-being stipulating that well-being was not simply the absence of mental illness (Keyes, 2002), but also the presence of five pillars with the acronym of PERMA (Seligman, 2002, 2011). The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships among well-being in university students before and during the onset of COVID-19 with PsyCap and coping strategies. Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. SAGE. Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. Both courses trained students to respond to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives incidents. We utilized a correlational cross-sectional study design; therefore, although PsyCap was predictive of change in well-being before and during COVID-19, neither causation nor directionality can be assumed. The PCQ-12 (Avey, Avolio et al., 2011), the shortened version of PCQ-24 (F. Luthans et al., 2007), consists of 12 items that measure four HERO dimensions: hope (four items), self-efficacy (three items), resilience (three items), and optimism (two items), together forming the construct of psychological capital (PsyCap). Several researchers have found that relatively short training in PsyCap interventions, including web-based platforms (Dello Russo & Stoykova, 2015; Demerouti et al., 2011; Ertosun et al., 2015; B. C. Luthans et al., 2012, 2013) have been effective. 2021 Jul-Sep;104(3):368504211029812. doi: 10.1177/00368504211029812. Soothing the nervous system, by taking care of the body, can help to bring us back to a healthier place. After cleaning the data, 197 surveys were excluded from the data analyses. https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/05/04/mental-health-coronavirus, Witters, D., & Harter, J. Twenge, J. M. (2017). https://news.gallup.com/poll/310250/worry-stress-fuel-record-drop-life-satisfaction.aspx, Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2015). Positive psychologists have asserted that studies of wellness and flourishing are important in understanding adaptive behaviors and the potential for growth from challenging circumstances (Joseph & Linley, 2008; Seligman, 2011). Journal of Mental Health, 27(3), 279287. (2015). Such a decline in well-being following a pandemic is consistent with previous occurrences of public health crises or natural disasters (Deaton, 2012). Regarding race/ethnicity, most participants identified as Caucasian (83.6%, n = 509), while the remaining participants identified as African American (5.3%, n = 32), Hispanic or Latina/o (9.5%, n = 58), American Indian (0.8%, n = 5), Asian (3.6%, n = 22), or Other (2.7%, n = 17). Psychological capital and well-being. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. Psychological capital intervention (PCI): A replication and extension. Cleveland, A single overall flourishing score provides a global indication of well-being, and at the same time, the domain-specific PERMA scores provide meaningful and practical benefits with regard to the possibility of targeted interventions. In general, problem-focused coping strategies, also known as adaptive coping strategies, include planning, active coping, positive reframing, acceptance, and humor (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010). Investigating the current state of emotional responses and coping strategies of nurses and college nursing students in Anhui Province found that women showed more severe anxiety and fear than men and COVID-19 is a pressure source with great influence, both for individuals and for the social public groups. International Business Research, 8(10), 102111. Students substance use (mean) and, Fig 8. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(2), 191199. This study aims to describe the perception of midwifery students about the use of LMS in English learning activities. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127152. de la Fuente, J., Lahortiga-Ramos, F., Laspra-Solis, C., Maestro-Martin, C., Alustiza, I., Auba, E., & Martin-Lanas, R. (2020). PsyCap is a state-like construct that consists of four dimensions: hope (H), self-efficacy (E), resilience (R), and optimism (O), often referred to by the acronym HERO (F. Luthans et al., 2007). Cleveland, Results indicated that PsyCap affected well-being both directly and indirectly through coping strategies. The coping strategy of behavioral disengagement (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 7. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 207222. Coronavirus Anxiety Workbook. Participants reported higher levels of negative emotion and loneliness after the onset of COVID-19, and a decrease in positive emotion. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially Umucu, E., Wu, J.-R., Sanchez, J., Brooks, J. M., Chiu, C.-Y., Tu, W.-M., & Chan, F. (2020). Health Psychology Review, 13(2), 137162. Next are engagement (E), the act of being highly interested, absorbed, or focused in daily life activities, and relationships (R), the feelings of being cared about by others and authentically and securely connected to others. Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Among university students, healthy coping strategies could buffer them from some of the unique challenges associated with acculturating and adjusting to college experiences (Jardin et al., 2018), especially during a pandemic. Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. Sci Prog. WebOwning Your Feelings & Moving Through Emotional Discomfort. Random House. WebCOVID-19 Coping Strategies. Partial eta squared was reported as the measure of effect size. Coefficients of determination for models predicting well-being from PsyCap dimensions ranged from 4% to 28%. Coping with this stress may help you. The coping strategy of planning (mean) among students in individual program years (F, Fig 5. Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Participants were asked to complete the well-being assessment twicefirst, by responding as they recalled their well-being prior to COVID-19, and second, by responding as they reflected on their well-being during the pandemic. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpr051, Dello Russo, S., & Stoykova, P. (2015). Prior to exploring the role of PsyCap and coping strategies on change in well-being due to COVID-19, an initial analysis was conducted to understand the characteristics and relationships of constructs in the study. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which The International Association of Counseling Services, Inc., 2008 [cited 2021 Feb 23]. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227238. University students are dealing with uncertain current realities and futures and may need to bolster their internal resources to face the challenges ahead. -. With that in mind, it is important to detect individuals at risk of developing depressive symptoms early and identify protective factors. From the Great Depression to 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, victims of these life-shattering events have had to deal with their present circumstances and were also left with worries about how life and society would be inexorably altered in the future. The effect size of the change in well-being for PERMA elements was 38%, p2 = .380, a high effect size (Cohen, 1988). Shift in Predictive Roles of PsyCap HERO Dimensions Penguin Press. Miyazaki, Y., Bodenhorn, N., Zalaquett, C., & Ng, K.-M. (2008). Alsolais A, Alquwez N, Alotaibi KA, Alqarni AS, Almalki M, Alsolami F, Almazan J, Cruz JP. 2023 Feb 8;20(4):2988. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042988. Personality and coping. Pandemic-Related Stress and Other Emotional Difficulties in a Sample of Men and Women Living in Romantic Relationships during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. The uncertainties arising from COVID-19 have added to anticipatory anxiety regarding the future (Ray, 2019; Witters & Harter, 2020). (2007) developed PsyCap from research in positive organizational behavior and positive psychology. Be sure to address your own concerns separately so you can focus on patients during sessions. WebThis study intends to investigate the extent to which students' learning experience has been meaningful and satisfying, and their sentiment on online distance learning due to the implementation of emergency remote teaching (ERT). B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). The authors reported no conflict of interest https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434, Hazan Liran, B., & Miller, P. (2019). What is the predictive relationship of PsyCap on well-being prior to the onset of COVID-19 and after the onset of COVID-19? The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking emotional support. The uncertainty about what comes next. Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. Key findings are that the optimism, hope, and resilience dimensions of PsyCap are significant predictors of well-being, explaining a large amount of variance, with adaptive coping being conducive to flourishing. Try to get in at least one physical activity each day. Estimation of Psychological Impairment and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 Pandemic among University Students in Saudi Arabia: A Large Regional Analysis. An official website of the United States government. Fifty-four percent of the participants were undergraduate students (n = 326), and the remaining 46% were graduate students (n = 283). (2008). OH A negative relationship was found between the self-confident approach, seeking social support and the students anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. F. Luthans et al. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. The questionnaire included items related to age, gender, race/ethnicity, relationship status, education classification, and employment status. 2021 Apr;30(2):194-201. doi: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1922636. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. These include approaches to building positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2009); coping strategies, which were found in this study to boost well-being (Jardin et al., 2018; Lyubomirsky, 2008); and effective goal pursuits (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017). College Student Journal, 42(3), 795-806. Data Collection Procedures Point-biserial correlation and Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships of demographic variables, PsyCap, and coping strategies with change in PERMA scores. If so, please share them using this form. For example, optimism became the strongest predictor of overall well-being and hope emerged as a predictor of engagement, meaning, accomplishment, and physical health during the pandemic. The study further analyses the causes of Malaysian university students' grievances and challenges and psychological effects in For example, students had to stay home, adapt to online learning, modify internship placements, and/or reconsider graduation plans and jobs. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2623. Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. With each PERMA element individually rendering to flourishing mental health, specific targeted positive psychology interventions might be offered as domain-specific interventions. BackgroundThe COVID-19 crisis has introduced a variety of stressors, while simultaneously decreasing the availability of strategies to cope with stress. Psychometric validation of the PERMA-profiler as a well-being measure for student veterans. 2023 Feb 3;20(3):2752. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032752. 2023 Jan 20;20(3):1921. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031921. The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. Youth can Surgeon General issued an advisory on the nations youth mental health crisis in December 2021. Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social distancing, lockdowns, cancelled or limited leisure activities and tutorials and supervision for students taking place digital. Occupy your mind with puzzles. At a time of significant stress, promoting the highest human performance and adaptation not only helps with well-being in the midst of the challenge but also can provide a foundation for future potential for optimal well-being (Joseph & Linley, 2008). https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070, Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). The current study investigated the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) with university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the relationships between PsyCap (F. Luthans et al., 2007), coping strategies, and well-being of university students. Specifically, we found coping through self-blame playing a mediating role between PERMA factors and two of the HERO dimensionsresilience and hope. Seligmans (2011) PERMA model is one of the most highly regarded models of well-being. The overall reliability coefficient of well-being items is very high ( = .94). Jardin, C., Mayorga, N. A., Bakhshaie, J., Garey, L., Viana, A. G., Sharp, C., Cardoso, J. A sudden and far-reaching change in daily functioning caused anxiety, depression, and stress in this group. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.08.008. Positive psychological capital development: A field study by the Solomon four group design. Coping is often defined as efforts to prevent or diminish the threat, harm, and loss, or to reduce associated distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010, p. 685). Each item is rated on an 11-point scale ranging from never (0) to always (10), or not at all (0) to completely (10). I UI Undergraduate (n = 142), II UII Undergraduate (n = 100), III UIII Undergraduate (n = 104), I GI Graduate (n = 66), II GII Graduate (n = 70), I-III MI-III uniform Masters studies (n = 64), IV-V MIV-V uniform Masters studies (n = 31). Now is my chance to help others. How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, student nurses were faced with lot of challenges at both clinical and teaching and learning environment. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article Would you like email updates of new search results? Disclaimer. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. 10.1007/s12144-020-01304-z Coping Through the Coronavirus. Experts are projecting increases in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide in the United States (Wan, 2020). The effect size of the change in the scores of individual PERMA elements ranged between 12.1% and 32.5%. Epub 2021 May 12. The connection between our physical body and our mental health is important and may be something worth exploring when thinking about staying mentally healthy. Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds. The aim of this study was to understand how the sudden changes and uncertainty resulting from the pandemic affected the well-being of university students during the early period of the pandemic. The .gov means its official. 2023. Perhaps youre juggling your childrens educational needs as well as your own. (1988). Similarly, religion also tended to be an adaptive coping strategy during the pandemic. Top Tips To Decrease Coronavirus Anxiety & Improve Emotional Well Being, Strategies for Healthy Emotion Regulation During Uncertain Times, Owning Your Feelings & Moving Through Emotional Discomfort, Cultivating Gratitude To Support Wellbeing, Mental Health For Remote Workers: Supporting Employees And One Another, Gaming For Mental Health: Using Video And Board Games To Support Wellbeing, Building Resiliency To Isolation & Loneliness: How To Increase Our Resiliency During The COVID-19 Crisis, Peer, Friend And Self Support In The COVID-19 Crisis: How To Provide Support For Ourselves And Others Through Times Of Fear And Isolation, Navigating Relationships During The COVID-19 Pandemic, Back to Normal or Not: How to Help Your Family Through COVID-19 Transitions, Herramientas Para La Mejorar La Resiliencia Y Apoyar A La Comunidad Latinx: Seminario Virtual En Espaol Dirigido Por La Iniciativa Que Hacer Ahora. Multivariate multiple regression was carried out to understand the predictive role of PsyCap on PERMA at two time points (before and during COVID-19). (Eds.). Fig 1. WebMaintain adequate nutrition by eating three healthy meals per day; now is a great time to try new recipes! Kozakiewicz A, Izdebski Z, Biaorudzki M, Mazur J. Int J Environ Res Public Health.
Nneka Ogwumike Husband, Articles C