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But that doesnt mean that I dont bend the truth. . First and foremost the kids education is at stake. the more fundamental questions are related to matters of life and death. [30] Explain how to write 29452629^{\circ} 45^{\prime} 26^{\prime \prime}294526 as a decimal degree measure. the documentary became popular due to its subject matter, it dealt with sensitive topic but _____ the information in a palatable way surmised a bookstore has a sale where all hardcore books are sold at a discount of 40%. When the facts of a film are up to a single filmmaker, the truth, too, can become subject to style choices. . by working __________ the new employee hoped to prove that he could excel in his new position, the student offered information to his classmates under the _____________ of altruism, but in reality, the information was false, and he sought to ______________ their grades, the author has been criticized for the __________ views expressed in his book; while his words may have once been met with agreement; they are now met with disappointment. The awareness of a power differential also leads filmmakers sometimes to volunteer to share decision-making power with some subjects. It summarizes the results of 45 long-form interviews in which filmmakers were asked simply to describe recent ethical challenges that surfaced in their work. if both individuals start working at the same time, and each works 56 hours completing tooth canals over the course of one month, how many tooth canals will they have completed, taking issue with media reports, the president_____ that she had no plans to step down and ____________ claims that her office was guilty of corruption. It did not compromise an ultimate truth.. Should films such asGhosts of Abu GhraibandStandard Operating Procedurefeature images that further embarrass and humiliate their subjects? It has no ethics. A.253m2B.25m2C.103m2D.53m2\begin{array} { l } {A. The growth of commercial opportunities and the prominence of politics as a documentary subject also produced tensions. Advertisement. Our code of ethics is very different. This relationship was, however, much more abstract than the one with their subjects. the shares appreciate 10% in the first year and 25 the next. . He said, Its a rotten thing to have done journalistically. A journalist wouldnt show you the footage. A great documentary doesnt give you an answer, Breyer said. Filmmakers also asserted a primary relationship to viewers, which they phrased as a professional one: an ethical obligation to deliver accurate and honestly told stories. 1, 3, 7, 13, 21, ? They eschew conflict of interest. Most of those makers had experience both with nonprofit outlets, such as public TV, and with cable or commercial network television. Another recalled a prolonged negotiation. If there's a lawyer on your company's payroll, they're the subject matter expert for anything legal. . The keenly felt power differential between filmmaker and subject led some filmmakers to make unilateral storytelling decisions, usually to omit material, with empathy for the subjects. Making a Murderer is exploitation entertainment, Dixon said. . Similarly, both Oppenheimer's films make use of re-enactments of events in question, which some documentary purists consider questionable because they're easily changed or fabricated. At the end of the day, it became a mother-son deal and they worked it out. In this case, the filmmakers objective was maintaining the relationship and salvaging key footage. Unbeknownst to me, the [animal wrangler] broke the next rabbits leg, so it couldnt run. In the case of subjects who they believed were less powerful in the relationship than themselves, they believed that their work should not harm the subjects or leave them worse off than before. He justified it by the result: Ultimately there is a story to be told, you may have to make these compromises. One said, If you add birds chirping to facilitate the story, the birds are inconsequential to the audience misunderstanding the scene, it helps them enter the moment. However, a few noted that audio that changed the meaningfor instance, adding the sound of gunshots to a scenewas regarded as inappropriate. Filmmakers also face pressure to inflate drama or character conflict and to create drama where no natural drama exists. The minute you start to pick and choose facts, youre making fiction. A story of loving impossible loves and the torture of self-discovery in a world of demagogues and uncompromising hate, it has a tragic immediacy that makes it as contemporary as ever. Pat Aufderheide, . Filmmakers admitted to not telling the whole truth or concealing their motivation or their films true politics to get access to a subject or to get the scene you want to get. In one case, a filmmaker hid the fact from a political candidate that his film was about the opposing candidate. Will this 23-year-old tutor win her 23rd Jeopardy! game? Treatment of archival materials (especially still and motion photographic materials) was widely recognized as a site of ethical challenges, but there was a wide range of responses. Originating in the 1960s alongside advances in portable film equipment, the Cinma Vrit -style is much less pointed than the expository approach. At our school, we define it as the luxury of time to research and present subject matter in an in-depth fashion with the rigors of journalism involved, Woelfel said. . . This distinction accords with filmmakers sensitivity to the power differential in the relationship. . what percentage of the remaining employees are in team A, what is the average of the following numbers 1, 4, 8, 17, in a retail store with 36 employees, 26 work with costumers, 11 work in the warehouse and 4 do neither. film: The documentary The British documentary film movement, led by Grierson, influenced world film production in the 1930s by such films as Grierson's Drifters (1929), a description of the British herring fleet, and Night Mail (1936), about the nightly mail train from London to Glasgow. how many different combinations size design and frame possible, an investor buys stock in a company and in the twelve months after she invests the value of the stock decreases by 30%. And it wasnt, so we had to take it out. Were no longer seen as an institution thats fair and balanced. In the end, if I cant convince you then well take it out., Some also believed that seeing material in advance helped make their subjects more comfortable with the exposure they would encounter, thus avoiding problems in the future. In one case, a filmmaker lacked exciting enough pictures of a particular animal from a shoot, and the executive producer substituted animals from another country. What is the difference? A cable TV producer argued that the ethical thing to do would be to pay subjects. Still another grappled with this issue in the editing room: I was complaining to someone [that] I feel some allegiance to them, and the person said that at this point your only allegiance should be with the audience. "Zappa" gives its subject his well-earned due within the rock firmament. In a certain sense there is something deceptive about that. Of course, doing your homework and keeping up with current eLearning trends is a must. Saying this blurry figure is not our guy would ruin the scene, said Peter Miller. If you abuse this, then you wont get access to people for the next project.. Indeed, any subjects withdrawal of affection may result in denial of access to material in which the filmmakers have invested heavily. However, even filmmakers who work with television organizations with standards and practices may not benefit from them because the programs are executed through the entertainment divisions. For Grierson, who incessantly strategized to garner government resources for documentary film, the phrase had strategic advantages. I always decide not to use that moment, said another. Is somebody on the soundtrack telling you what to think? This higher truth or a sociological truth inadvertently invoked documentary pioneer John Griersons description of documentary as a creative treatment of actuality. Grierson used this flexible term to permit a wide range of actions and approaches ranging from re-enactment to highly selective storytellingindeed, even outright government propaganda. This movie does not, however, intend to be a documentary about Presley's drug usage. Its too misleading to the audience. They also respected broadcasters fact-checking departments, and some found that people in those departments were willing to push back against network pressures to fudge facts or artificially enhance drama. " Free Chol Soo Lee " charts the . Dixon suggests viewers beware certain hallmarks designed to sway them. When the filmmaker showed a scene of a handcuffed minor in juvenile halla crucial and pivotal sceneto the family, in spite of having releases, the mother objected. We said, We cant let this happen. We stopped filming and stopped this from happening. One filmmaker who made a documentary about a company that employed illegal immigrants simply left that fact out of the film and did not report it, either: We didnt call the policewe felt like that would be a breach of trust. Another filmmakers subject told a story about trying to bring her son across the border illegally. One filmmaker recalled omitting a section on request. Filmmakers need to develop a more broadly shared understanding of the nature of their problems and to evolve a common understanding of fair ways to balance their various obligations. . . Oppenheimers film (currently streaming on Netflix and airing on PBS June 27) examines the fallout from a world that wasnt paying attention in the mid-1960s when thousands of people were killed in the Indonesian genocide many of the perpetrators and unapologetic murderers remain significant community members and political leaders in Indonesia today. One director recalled, I knew personal information about one of the [subjects] that I thought would make the film richer, but she was confiding to me in person, not as a filmmaker . Only one respondent, Jennifer Fox, said that she offered fine cut approval in a legal document, with the caveat that the subjects couldnt object to the film because they didnt like the way they looked but could object to things on the grounds of hurting their family. These interviews demonstrate, indeed, a need for a more public and focused conversation about ethics before any standards emerging from shared experience and values can be articulated. a store has a sale where all hats are sold at a discount of 40%. an=(4.5,2,0.5,3,5.5,)?a_n=(4.5,2,-0.5,-3,-5.5,\ldots)? One said that as long as the activities they do are those they would normally be doing, if your filming doesnt distort their life there is still a reality that is represented. Another recalled asking her subjects to stage an annual event earlier in the year than it would happen in real life: I would not want to put words in peoples mouth, or edit them in a way thats not leading to the larger truth. In the edit room . Then Id be suspicious, Dixon said, adding that dramatic re-enactments, too, can be manipulative. In both these cases, the choices not to honor the subjects requests reflected the fact that the subjectsboth experts, not less-powerful subjectsattempted to exert control over the films outcome that differed from that of the filmmakers. SeaWorld declined to cooperate with filmmakers and called the film propaganda.". They portray themselves as storytellers who tell important truths in a world where the truths they want to tell are often ignored or hidden. It would have made a fabulous turning point in the film, but I didnt include it. "But we dont know what a balanced media diet looks like.. In still another case, an HIV-positive mother addicted to drugs asked filmmakers not to reveal where she lives. She has organized programs with the Human Rights Film Festival, Brooklyn Museum and Film Society of Lincoln Center and currently teaches arts management at CUNY Baruch. But when art (like a documentary) shocks us, its never because were hearing something new. I made the decision, let them break it. One of the most effective approaches for how to become a Subject Matter Expert in eLearning is to hone your skills. Filmmakers often felt that subjects had a right to change their minds (although the filmmakers found this deeply unpleasant) or to see the material involving them or even the whole film in advance of public screenings. They take you to places that you will never see in the so-called mainstream media. But they can also be manipulated.. We are a respected educational program provider, [and] we would have looked bad, disgraced by it., Filmmakers expected to get to truth via the vehicle of a story and held themselves responsible for its implications. It shocks us with that quaking moment of recognition, Oppenheimer said. A funny thing happened over the past decade in the short subject documentary space: It became competitive. . As one said, I dont want to make films where people feel like they are being trashed . I wanted to learn more about why she did the awful things . not looking at archival footage as a document of a particular time and place, becomes problematic. Peter Miller noted that. But even more valuable, Winter gives Zappa pride of place among the most important composers of the 20th century . I want to always be able to send the DVD to them. Another explained, You owe them always having in your mind the power you have as a filmmaker, presenting them to millions of people. Public more agency in news gathering, Cross said. At the same time, documentary television production was accelerating to fill the need for quality programming in ever-expanding screen time, generating popular, formula-driven programs. what would be the next number in the following series? . The film becomes a historical document. They may be encouraged to alter the story to pump up the excitement, the conflict, or the danger. Unlike journalism, documentary filmmaking has largely been an individual, freelance effort. Individual filmmakers may develop concurrent projects with and for a range of television programmers, from PBS to the Food Channel, balancing sponsored work (for income) with projects of the heart. They were fully aware that their choices of angles, shots, and characters were personal and subjective (a POV, or point of view, was repeatedly referenced as a desirable feature of a documentary), and justified their decisions by reference to the concept the truth. This concept was unanchored by validity tests, definitions, or norms. an hourly worker whose wage is 15 per hour will be paid how much for an 8 hour shift, which of the following is the. When (filmmakers) feel we have to pick up the ball dropped by the news media, that means we will not prioritize being artists anymore. My test for these things is, Does the audience know what its getting? . This baseline research is necessary to begin any inquiry into ethical standards because the field has not yet articulated ethical standards specific to documentary. the perilous cliff filled the hiker with___________________, but her companions urged her to _______________ her fear, upon entering the ________________ home, police officers were disgusted to see its rundown state, a group of numbers has an average of 11. the first three numbers are 16, 3, 10 what is the other number, an investor purchases shares in a company for $20 share. Wanda Bershen is a consultant on fundraising, festivals and distribution. . One filmmaker sometimes paid because it was the easiest way to get the work done. One filmmaker said that she tries to be as authentic as possible, down to the year and the place. . You always have to be aware of the power that you as a filmmaker have in relationship to your subject. At the same time, they recognized that professional obligations might force them at least to cause pain. Adi Rukun, left, questions Commander Amir Siahaan, one of the death squad leaders responsible for his brothers death during the Indonesian genocide, in Joshua Oppenheimers documentary The Look of Silence. Courtesy of Drafthouse Films and Participant Media. Although the result was unintentional, he also felt no remorse. For example, any kind of romantic relationship would be unacceptable. There are some filmmakers who love the down and dirtyI found a fool and I will show them as a fool. This is justified sometimes, but its often abusive of your power., Filmmakers also recognized limits to the obligation to the subject. I remember negotiating with a bigwig, he was in demand, he said hed like to do it, and requested a donation to a nonprofit. Some filmmakers acknowledged that they occasionally would resort to bad faith and outright deception, both with subjects and with gatekeepers who kept them from subjects. But ultimately it has to be our decision. In some cases I will say, If there is something that you cant live with then well discuss it, we will have the argument and real dialogue. If you're in tech, you might have subject matter experts for web-hosting, agile methodology, and more. Controversies emerged about several documentaries. her less experienced colleague takes 1.6 hours to complete a root canal. The whale is the subject of the 2013 documentary Blackfish., Director Gabriele Cowperthwaite, right, watches as footage is filmed for her 2013 documentary Blackfish.. [Our broadcaster] asked if it was real. In one extreme case, for instance, the filmmaker did not protect a subject who implied that he had committed a murder. They said it will be upsetting for children, and that the films point is solely to talk about material science. At the same time, many of the filmmakers surveyed spoke of commercial pressures, particularly in the cable business, to make decisions they believed to be unethical. One subject when drunk revealed something he had never revealed when sober, and in the filmmakers opinion probably would not. The assembly-line nature of the production process also threatens the integrity of agreements made between producers and their subjects as a condition of filming. Click hereto view or download a PDF of this report. In both situations, they used deception to keep someone with the power to stop the project from doing so, and they regarded it as entirely ethical because of an ends-justifies-the-means argument. So there is a more profound relationship, not a journalistic two or three hours., They were acutely aware of the power they have over their subjects. . Filmmakers resolved these conflicts on an ad-hoc basis and argued routinely for situational, case-by-case ethical decisions. Its an accepted norm to pay fees. For instance, filmmakers also regularly used re-creations (re-staging of events that have already occurred, whether in the recent or distant past), although they widely believed that it was important that audiences be made aware somehow that the footage is recreated. Here this guy worked for five days and they get no glory, they go back to their regular jobs. The producer noted that the filmmakers work for a for-profit venture, and were making our money based on these peoples stories . I feel like I approached the subject differently. . 25\ m ^ { 2 } } \end{array}\quad \begin{array} { l } {C. 10 \sqrt { 3 }\ m ^ { 2 } } \\ {D. 5 \sqrt { 3 }\ m ^ { 2 } } \end{array} Despite the can't-miss subject matter, "Operation Varsity Blues: The College Admissions Scandal" makes a near-fatal misstep, heavily using dramatic recreations in a way that leaves this Netflix . he didnt have family photos. You use [the photo] with the knowledge that ultimately its not important if its your guy or not, whats important is the story. Another recalled: [One subject] talks about his childhood, his family all died . He most often refers to his work as art rather than journalism. What I want people to understand is that this is not just about Indonesias past or its history, its about the now, Oppenheimer said from Copenhagen via Skype. I can sort of rationalize this, that it might be killed by a natural predator. Who is correct? Angela says that (7c2d+12cd2+3)+(5c2d2cd28)=22c2d25\left(7 c^{2} d+12 c d^{2}+3\right)+\left(5 c^{2} d-2 c d^{2}-8\right)= 22 c^{2} d^{2}-5(7c2d+12cd2+3)+(5c2d2cd28)=22c2d25. In both cases, militating against what filmmakers might prefer personally to do was the obligation to complete a compelling and honest documentary story within budget. SMEs are especially in high demand in workplaces requiring a technical approach to operations and culture. Notably, this attitude does not extend to celebrities, whom filmmakers found to be aggressive and powerful in controlling their image. Steven Ascher said that revealing a subjects weaknesses or positions that the audience is likely to find laughable or repellant can be justified when they are taking advantage of other people or when they are so completely convinced of their own rightness, they would be happy with their portrayal. Filmmakers need to share both experience and vocabulary and to be able to question their own and others decision-making processes without encountering prohibitive risk. The filmmaker decided to exclude this information from the film. Many even see themselves as executors of a higher truth, framed within a narrative. It was the right thing to do, he said, because it was their lives, their stories that made it successful. The two central characters had equal shares with the three filmmakers. a bookstore has a sale where all hardcore books are sold at a discount of 40%. in one month a farmer produces 1200 pounds of potatoes in the following mont the amount of potatoes it produces increases by 15 over the previous month how many potatoes does it produce in the second month? Gallup reports that just 40 percent of Americans trust media outlets to report the news fully, accurately and fairly. Amid dwindling trust in the press, documentaries with strong, emotional points of view can feel more authentic by comparison. They also blurred the line between traditional documentary, reality, and hybrid forms. Jon Else said: For years I never paid anyone for an interview. The trend towards faster and cheaper documentaries and the assembly line nature of work has proven challenging to filmmakers understanding of their obligations to subjects in particular. . One featured his typical bodyguards, in street clothes. If youre a filmmaker you try to create a POV, you bend and shape the story to your agenda . if it sells 200 more lamps in the next month how many lamps does it sell in august. Maybe you cant. That makes me uncomfortable; it puts them at risk.. A.253m2B.25m2C.103m2D.53m2, How to calculate the 424242nd term of the arithmetic sequence. Not everyone who paid did so in recognition of social inequality. Ultimately Im not of that position. Data were reviewed by an advisory board composed of two industry veteransfilmmaker and author Sheila Curran Bernard and filmmaker and professor Jon Elseand documentary film scholar Bill Nichols. AfterHoop Dreamsbecame wildly successful, noted Gordon Quinn, Kartemquin Films shared profits (based on screen time) with everyone who had a speaking role in the film. Institutional standards and practices remain proprietary to the companies for which the filmmakers may be working and do not always reflect the terms they believe are appropriate to their craft. Steven Ascher said: You could argue that cutaways in a scene filmed with one camera are a distortionyou cut from a person talking to a reaction shot, condensing or reshuffling dialogue before you cut back to the person. Many filmmakers believed that payment was not only acceptable but a reasonable way to address the power differential, even though payment often sufficed only to cover costs of participation. This study provides a map of perceived ethical challenges that documentary filmmakersdirectors and producer-directorsin the United States identify in the practice of their craft. if Rauls sister is 25 years old how old is Rauls brothers, a store selling posters featuring Yosemite national park carries posters in three different sizes, with twelve different designs, and each poster is available in four different frames. One said, That is part of how you generate revenue as a filmmaker . . It spoke to the possibilities as well. the DP [director of photography] was sitting there, saying No, Im sure you wouldnt want to do it, but nodding his head yes. Documentary filmmakers, whether they were producing histories for public television, nature programs for cable, or independent political documentaries, found themselves facing not only economic pressure but also close scrutiny for the ethics of their practices. The ethical conflicts put in motion by these features of a filmmakers embattled-truth-teller identity are, ironically for a truth-telling community, unable to be widely shared or even publicly discussed in most individual cases. M. Night Shyamalan decided to make the 2017 horror film, Split, on a budget of only $9 million, which proved to be a fantastic decision. . . Jump cuts might be more honest about the rearranging going on but might be unwatchable. . But if you want to really explore it, you have to shape and bend. He is still in contact with his characters, but he admitted they felt betrayed by [him] in some way. They had expected the filmmaker to protect them by not including comments they made and remembered making. I usually say no, its a conflict of interest, but sometimes you really want someone to do the interview. Another thought it was more a matter of cultural norms. The process of film editingcollapsing actual time into screen time while shaping a film storyinvolves choices that filmmakers often consider in ethical terms. Luc Jacquet 3. Documentary filmmakers identified themselves as creative artists for whom ethical behavior is at the core of their projects. The larger truth is that this conversation is going to happen in this city, at some point, and so it doesnt matter that it doesnt happen at this moment. It may be a necessary sacrifice if the media is going to continue not to investigate things like Indonesia.. One filmmaker said I might hire a scholar for a day to consult with me on a script, so why cant I pay a musician whos made little money and felt exploited by white people their whole life? In one example, interviews were given and releases were signed on condition that they garble their voice and obscure their face . The filmmaker whose subjects were financially strapped did not talk about money in initial conversations, but a year later, when he was still filming, he offered his subjects a $5,000 honorarium. March of the Penguins (2005) Dir. Everyone raised their hands. I felt that my obligation was fulfilled. In another case, a director decided not to show footage to a subject who wanted approval over material used, because he feared the subject would refuse to permit use. Sophie says that (7c2d+12cd2+3)+(5c2d2cd28)=12c2d+10cd25\left(7 c^{2} d+12 c d^{2}+3\right)+\left(5 c^{2} d-2 c d^{2}-8\right)= 12 c^{2} d+10 c d^{2}-5(7c2d+12cd2+3)+(5c2d2cd28)=12c2d+10cd25. within last week 6 students have dropped out of the basketball team and 2 students have dropped out of the debate tryouts. He said, I didnt have a [moral] dilemma. One filmmaker, for instance, created archival material to use in her documentary and was asked to take it out by thebroadcaster when they found out it wasnt real. But did I? In one case, for instance, a filmmaker was on location shooting a wildlife film, trying to capture one animal hunting another: We tried to shoot a few, and missed both of them. It appears to justify the overall goal of communicating the important themes, processes, or messages within the (required) entertaining narrative frame, while still permitting the necessary distortions to fit within that frame and the flexibility to deal with production exigencies. WasFahrenheit 9/11accurate in its factual indictment of the Bush administrations geopolitics? No, I never show rough cuts to subjects. Narrative structure sometimes mandates manipulation, which they often but not always found uncomfortable. . Viewers are also reticent to call Oppenheimer's work pure documentary, given how Oppenheimer utilizes certain cinematic techniques. 5 7 11 17. 25. an automobile factory produces 75 cars in an hour.