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He was a great-grandson of a Viradeva, a Kutumbi (V.469). Son of Sangramapida II. Explanation: In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. He is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh. that the material was genuinely picky. Its heyday was the 13th and 14th centuries, broadly the period straddling the phase of Sanskrit literature to which What literary period is the beat generation aligned with? [10] The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. Answer. Unreliable Sources - The chronicles include those of Tahir, Haidar Malik, Rafiu'd Din Ahmad and Muhammad A'azam. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death. Copyright 2019 Sawaal.com | All Rights Reserved. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. epic poem Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. [17], Shihabud-din was also a great administrator who governed his kingdom with firmness and justice. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. The Journal of Asian Studies Usurped the throne, claiming to be a descendant of Yashaskara. Published online by Cambridge University Press: The book closes with the establishment of the Karkota Naga dynasty by Durlabhaka Pratapaditya II, and it is from Book IV on that Rajatarangini takes on the character of a dependable historical narrative. "useRatesEcommerce": false TranslationsRajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order.There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Horace Hayman Wilson, secretary of The Asiatic Society of Bengal in the early 19th century, and the first English. After that, the English translation. He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. The young Chippatajayapida was advised by his maternal uncle Utpalaka or Utpala (IV.679). Kalhana says that Samdhimat Aryaraja used to spend the most delightful Kashmir summer in worshiping a lingam formed of snow/ice in the regions above the forests (II.138). Zain ul Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian with the aim that these translations would give an insight into Hindu philosophy and culture to the rest of the world. We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Verse 12. Little is known about him except from what he tells us about himself in the opening verses of his book. 10-year-old child of Nirjitavarman; placed on throne by the Tantrins. [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. Son of Durlabhaka and Shrinarendraprabha. [18][19] A welfare-state was installed oppressive taxes were abolished, and free schools and hospitals were commissioned. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. His family ruled for many generations. Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. After an Abhimanyu, we come to the main Gonandiya dynasty, founded by Gonanda III. Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. Her son was Chippatajayapida. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. 3 Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? Raman Menon, Priyadarshini Publication Society, 1,200. He was known by his subjects as Bod Shah or Budshah (lit. Learn more topics related to Ancient History of India, Download lessons and learn anytime, anywhere with the Unacademy app, Access free live classes and tests on the app. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work Rajatarangini and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. In 1380 C.E. for this article. In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. Subscribe here. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. Subsequent English translations of Kalhana's Rajatarangini include: Several books containing legendary stories from Rajatarangini have been compiled by various authors. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. He was followed by his two sons who became kings in succession. In our own time, the Kashmiri Sanskrit scholar and former diplomat A.N.D. Deposed by his half-brother Sangramapida. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. However, very little about those reigns are known anyway in compare to the later dynasties. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. Then Lalitaditiya meets the Bhauttas in Baltistan in western Tibet north of Kashmir, then the Dardas in Karakoram/Himalaya, the Valukambudhi and then he encounters Strirajya, the Uttarakurus and the Pragjyotisha respectively (IV.165-175). (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. An unpopular king, he was killed. An astrologer prophesied that his son-in-law would succeed him as the king. Established the city of. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. According to Kalhana, Ashoka reigned before 1182 BCE, and was a member of the dynasty founded by Godhara. [12] Kashmiri scholar N. K. Zutshi, having critically examined the sources, reconciles the two versions by noting that the Persian chronicles mentions Swadgir rather than Swat, which he interprets as Swadgabar, meaning "suburbs of Gabar", which coincides with Jonaraja's description of Panchagahvara-Simani (on the borders of Panchagagvara). The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a historical text on this region. The Rajatarangini is an epic poem (mahakavya) in Sanskrit running into nearly 8000 verses that are spread over eight books or sections. Gonandiya Baladitya made his officer in charge of fodder, Durlabhavardhana (III.489) his son-in-law because he was handsome. It has multiple dimensions, such as the aureole of antiquity, the grandeur of epic, the cachet of Sanskritic literary canons, the singular distinction as an ancient Indian historical chronicle and the uniqueness that it embodies as representation of a vital part of Indian selfhood. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? What is the best compliment to give to a girl? Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. Several coins of a king named Toramana have been found in the Kashmir region. Render date: 2023-03-04T12:29:12.553Z [5] The total reign of the following kings is mentioned as 1266 years. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. This quarterly has been published regularly since In the first Taranga (book) of Rajatarangini, Kalhana expresses his dissatisfaction with the earlier historical books, and presents his own views on how history ought to be written:[4]. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. What are three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers 5 by 7 and 9 by 11? Rjatarangi (Rjataragi "The River of Kings") is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE.[1]. The fate of Ali Shah is uncertain: he may have died in captivity or have been put to death by Khokhar.[28]. [6], (Note the confusion of dates in this and the following sections. He was a religious king, and followed a near-ascetic lifestyle. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rajatarangini are given below. 0 0 Similar questions In 1574, Akbar established a translation bureau (maktab khana) at his capital of Fatehpur Sikri. Kalhana states that the valley of Kashmir was formerly a lake. From the regulation of commodities to the reviving of old crafts, Abidin did everything for overall development of Kashmir and his subjects. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [clarification needed], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Koenraad Elst: Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate 1999, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=559022, Articles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameter, Articles needing expert attention from November 2008, Articles with disputed statements from March 2012, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. Does adding salt to water increase conductivity? He was (I.191) the first of his race. A town named Shihabud-dinpura aka Shadipur was founded by him. Although inaccurate in its chronology, the book still provides an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and has been widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. After a couple of generations a Vijaya from another family took the throne (II.62). He lies buried in the Gorstan e Shahi in Srinagar.