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Coconut trunks are used for building small bridges and huts; they are preferred for their straightness, strength, and salt resistance. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is the sole species of the genus Cocos belonging to the subfamily Cocoideae which includes 27 genera and 600 species.It is a diploid with 32 chromosomes (2n=32), guma', Therefore, as well as dwarf cultivars, Slightly nutty odor, tender coconut, coconut oil and processed . [57] Thor Heyerdahl provides an alternative, and much shorter, estimate based on his first-hand experience crossing the Pacific Ocean on the raft Kon-Tiki:[68]. Three countries were chosen from the nine as focus countries for implementation: Guyana, Jamaica and Dominican Republic. [157] The shell and husk can be burned for smoke to repel mosquitoes[156] and are used in parts of South India for this purpose. [67] This figure has been questioned based on the extremely small sample size that forms the basis of the paper that makes this claim. Elvira Bowen is a food expert who has dedicated her life to understanding the science of cooking. It is also used as a natural moisturizer, especially for winter. What are the economic importance of coconut? Ingredient Lists); Major Food Allergens (food source names and examples)", "How to Tell When Coconuts Are Ripe on the Tree", "When Are Coconuts Ripe: Do Coconuts Ripen After They Are Picked", "ICC Quality Standard: Desiccated Coconut", "Exporting desiccated coconuts to Europe", "Full Report (All Nutrients): 12117, Nuts, coconut milk, raw (liquid expressed from grated meat and water)", "Ginataang Manok (Chicken Stewed in Coconut Milk) Filipino Recipe! Be notified when an answer is posted. In the Philippines, dried half shells are also used as a music instrument in a folk dance called maglalatik. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. When left to ferment on its own, it becomes palm wine. The importance of the coconut in Austronesian cultures is evidenced by shared terminology of even very specific parts and uses of coconuts, which were carried outwards from the Philippines during the Austronesian migrations. Rich in fiber and MCTs, it may offer a number of benefits, including improved heart health, weight loss, and digestion. It is also often stated that coconuts can travel 110 days, or 5,000km (3,000mi), by sea and still be able to germinate. It is eaten as is or used as an ingredient in various dishes. (2008). Androecium Absent but staminodes are present. The discovery of this behavior was observed in Bali and North Sulawesi in Indonesia between 1998 and 2008. The Hindu goddess of well-being and wealth, Lakshmi, is often shown holding a coconut. [173] In the foothills of the temple town of Palani, before going to worship Murugan for the Ganesha, coconuts are broken at a place marked for the purpose. According to epidemiological research published in 1981, a group of Polynesians for whom coconut represented 60% of the daily diet had no evidence of heart disease or hypercholesterolemia, despite the high lauric and myristic acid intake. Coconut is grown in more than20.88 lakhha in the country with an estimated22167.45 million nuts during 2015-16with an average productivity of10614 nuts per ha. However, like most palm fossils, Cocos-like fossils are still putative, as they are usually difficult to identify. 37(9):830-5, 2004. 50 % of existing coconut palms have passed their economic bearing age (60 years) and are due for replanting, around 900 million coconut seedlings are required at a value of USD$ 2.7 Billion to secure a sustainable future for the global coconut estate. This variety of oilseeds made up over 10 percent of the sector that year. You probably already have everything you need in your pantry, kitchen, or medicine cabinet. All rights reserved. Research into countermeasures to these pests has as of 2009[update] yielded no results; researchers from the Kerala Agricultural University and the Central Plantation Crop Research Institute, Kasaragode, continue to work on countermeasures. [184], In March 1521, a description of the coconut was given by Antonio Pigafetta writing in Italian and using the words "cocho"/"cochi", as recorded in his journal after the first European crossing of the Pacific Ocean during the Magellan circumnavigation and meeting the inhabitants of what would become known as Guam and the Philippines. Coconut fruits float readily and have been dispersed widely by ocean currents and by humans throughout the tropics. The inner posterior tepal is completely outside. How do you choose the best tender coconut. Mature Malakatad coconut meat has a tough texture and thus are processed before consumption or made into copra. Traditional areas of coconut in India are the states of Kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Goa, West Bengal, Pondicherry, Maharashtra and Islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. The global virgin coconut oil market captured significant revenue in 2016 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of around 11% over the forecast period. PT. Per 100-gram serving, coconut water contains 19 calories and no significant content of essential nutrients. It can be reduced further to yield coconut sugar also referred to as palm sugar or jaggery. Indo-Atlantic coconuts were also introduced into the Atlantic Ocean by Portuguese ships from their colonies in coastal India and Sri Lanka; first being introduced to coastal West Africa, then onwards into the Caribbean and the east coast of Brazil. It also had ceremonial importance in pre-colonial animistic religions. What are the physical characteristics of a coconut? What happens to your body if you drink coconut water everyday? The fruit, meat, water, and milk of the coconut are all widely consumed as part of the diet in many parts of the world. Every part of the palm is usable for human needs -- food, shelter and fiber. The green of the leaves (lamina) is stripped away, leaving the veins (long, thin, woodlike strips) which are tied together to form a broom or brush. It is dried out disintegrated coconut meat. Bangalore, Karnataka 560025, Monday to Friday 9:30 AM 5:30 PM On many islands, coconut is a staple in the diet. Coconuts sold domestically in coconut-producing countries are typically not de-husked. Coconut is the fruit of the coconut palm. The liquid of the nut, known as coconut water, is used in beverages. [49], Coconuts can be broadly divided into two fruit types the ancestral niu kafa form with a thick-husked, angular fruit, and the niu vai form with a thin-husked, spherical fruit with a higher proportion of endosperm. [116], It is one of the most useful trees in the world.[16]. Hemera Technologies/Photos.com/Getty Images. The endocarp or shell is used for fuel for making shell charcoal, activated carbon etc. [140][141] It can also be fermented to produce a jelly-like dessert known as nata de coco. Coconut palms are believed to be largely cross-pollinated, although most dwarf varieties are self-pollinating. Decayed roots are replaced regularly as the tree grows new ones. The use of coconut branches in corporal punishment was revived in the Gilbertese community on Choiseul in the Solomon Islands in 2005. Coconuts were also later spread in historic times along the coasts of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans by South Asian, Arab, and European sailors. [171] Often it is decorated with bright metal foils and other symbols of auspiciousness. Mature, ripe coconuts can be used as edible seeds, or processed for oil and plant milk from the flesh, charcoal from the hard shell, and coir from the fibrous husk. The President, National Coconut Producers, Processors and Marketers Association of Nigeria (NACOPPMAN), Nma Okoroji, has said coconuts can help generate over $400 billion for the Nigerian economy . The shells of the coconut can also be used to create charcoal, which has a variety of industrial and domestic uses. The day is recognized as the beginning of the joyful, colourful Holi celebrations and is seen as a symbolic triumph of good over evil. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 59 (7): 995. [133], Coconut milk and coconut cream extracted from grated coconut is frequently added to various dessert and savory dishes, as well as in curries and stews. [49], In contrast to the Pacific coconuts, Indo-Atlantic coconuts were largely spread by Arab and Persian traders into the East African coast. The decoration of foots is astringent and is used as mouth was and gargle. Adkins S.W., M. Foale and Y.M.S. Because of its properties that reduce appetite and boost metabolism, coconut oil can help in losing fat in the long term. [130], A special cultivar of coconut known as macapuno produces a large amount of jelly-like coconut meat. Training without Reward: Traditional Training of Pig-tailed Macaques as Coconut Harvesters. De-husked coconuts typically weigh around 750 to 850 grams (1lb 10oz to 1lb 14oz). Lately, civil wars and crop failures have driven up the EU Rotterdam coconut oil price, which has doubled during 2010-2011, nearing $2,000 per tonne, according to the UK Grocer. About 75% of the world's supply of coconuts is produced by Indonesia, the Philippines, and India. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. [33], Coconuts are susceptible to the phytoplasma disease, lethal yellowing. "Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats". De-husked coconuts are also easier for consumers to open, but have a shorter postharvest storage life of around two to three weeks at temperatures of 12 to 15C (54 to 59F) or up to 2 months at 0 to 1.5C (32.0 to 34.7F). In Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore and Tirupur regions top the production list. The Coconut Research Center describes the nut as rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals with oil comprising mainly medium-chain fatty acids. [61][63] The tall variety is outcrossing while dwarf palms are self-pollinating, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the tall group. Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. Wild coconuts feature an elongated triangular fruit with a thicker husk and a smaller amount of endosperm. She earned her B.A. [58] They may grow but not fruit properly in areas with insufficient warmth, such as Bermuda. In the Ilocos region of the northern Philippines, the Ilocano people fill two halved coconut shells with diket (cooked sweet rice), and place liningta nga itlog (halved boiled egg) on top of it. The coconut has cultural and religious significance in certain societies, particularly in the Western Pacific Austronesian cultures where it features in their mythologies, songs, and oral traditions. [174], The flowers are used sometimes in wedding ceremonies in Cambodia. [76], Coconut palms are normally cultivated in hot and wet tropical climates. Coconut oil is a "functional food" that is popular in traditional medicine in Asia and used worldwide to treat a wide variety of health problems from abscesses to upset stomachs.