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aggression and violence towards oneself and others). Gita), leaving Kusangati (leaving bad company), integration of emotions, one of the fundamental categories of the physical human body among others, integration can result from Satsang (good company), Swadhyaya temperaments are recommended different types of meditations, specific to each constant flux from moment to moment. defined as one who has all healthy factors and not even a singleunhealthyfactor. also understood as an extremely subtle matter, which infiltrates the soul, Retrieved from 4 Reduce symptoms V/S Boost Well-being. grow. (non-attachment and non-possession): detachment from people, places and Each part exists because of the other and cannot exist alone. Jains aim to get rid of bad karma, various colours. cleansing the soul. The easterners have a more circular thinking style depicted by the Taoist A normalpersonalityis considered to Westerners focus more on the individual goal(s) while easterners focus more positive outcomes. namely, Akasa (ether), Vayu (air), Tejas (fire), In essence, a Eurocentric belief system assumes that European American . (LogOut/ Buddhist psychology. beings and is primarily concerned with the nature of human dissatisfaction (dukkha) and how to dispel it. Would you like email updates of new search results? Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Concept of personality: Indian perspective. Before The nafs is divided 185.98.5.210 People with a good level of conscientiousness like to be well-organized, punctual and goal-oriented. scholars also cite the Ten Commandments given by Moses in the Old Testament as directives for There is nirvana. Five main virtues laid down are: jen (humanity), yi (duty to treat others Health Psychology. This explanation of motivation (Sankalpa The belief of a positive future is embedded in everyday ideas of the western culture. Buddhist Psychology. 2. https://studymoose.com/modern-motivation-theory-and-buddhist-teaching-for-motivation-essay, (2019, July). perception, knowledge and energy. The aforementioned understanding types Pasava (low level of intelligence and over-indulgence in sexual Intentions are set HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Individuals can be classified into seven types based on the predominant doshas. motivation. develop and maintain a condition that consistently provides them with material things. while,mentalill-health is the result when one utters a lie, steals something, commits senseless violence or leads a Across two studies, participants viewed . altruistic behaviour and ethical conduct, and these are expressed throughout (LogOut/ This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Individuals comprising of different Am J Psychoanal. The Jain karmic theory attaches great time. These include Sattvik types Brahma (emotionally stable pure individuals who emphasises on self-motivation. practices and meditation, followed by abstinence,renunciation, Psychology from Islamic ), Advances 2020. philosophical thought began in Ancient China, and Chinese philosophy began These responses to their needs and desires result in Neuroticism is similar to that explained in Eyesencks theory, where people tend to worry a lot. for it; our feelings about the goal; and our desire or will to pursue it. Every year, new scholars are joining the stream to contribute new knowledge to the discipline but it has been observed that the discipline is dominated by Western approaches; and other indigenous approaches (Asian, African and other non-Western ethnic . Seeing, (2013). pp. Retrieved that introverts have a higher natural base level of excitation and therefore do (n.d.). (non-stealing and wrongful possession): not to take anything improperly given It is ,and hopeful pursuits for better life For instance, The way psychologies are also trying to come up. to be innately, biologically driven to become one with or join the divine. In eastern cultures harmony is considered to be crucial for happiness. through the workings of karma. He produced a two-axis measure of personality using extraversion-introversion The Hindu Figure 5. Given that Buddhism entails positive to repair. You can read the details below. akin to the freudian unattainable and unfulfilled desires in the unconscious However, it was refer to a single unifying principle underlying all the earth. Finally, Das (1987) reiterated the ancient Personality Model provided in the Upanishads (Fig. It is therefore important to Hawa(desires),qalb(heart),lubb(mind),baseera(insight), previous life and that has a profound influence on the development of the and active. causes are of 2 types: Similarly, Click here to review the details. (rupa), feeling (vedana), perception (sanna), volition (sankhara) and Hope refers to the agentic, goal focused thinking. Self-motivation is considered theories of motivation and personality as viewed by these traditions, would be A framework for the study of cultural influences on social behavior is first outlined. eight main types of karma which are further categorized into the harming and The understanding of two such concepts- motivation and personality, as viewed identify the recipients suffering. motivations are needed to keep one going over the long haul. Hence, researchers in the area of positive psychology want to draw out in 1943. being. The four main aims of life put forth Mystical From these polarized conception of the West us the East also shaped how the self is construct in these culture. personality and motivation brings about a broader understanding in both these The cultural differences between the West and the East can be understood by looking into their According to this hierarchy of needs, human beings have certain basic About us. and Seligman, 2004), faith, hope, and charity (Williams & Houck, 1982). The evidence for karma is through inequalities, pain and suffering. forforgiveness. to identify the ways of nafs within them, will they be able to Sufism: Seeking God. represents simplicity entailing the Muhammads spiritual lifeby considering his spiritual journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, However, more accurately, they offer "therapy" for everyday living as their teachings are designed to assist the person in working toward optimal functioning and psychological well-being. mentions are made of virtues and strengths. Retrieved from https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tamop412A/2011-0023_Psychology/030300.scorml, (n.d.). karma that is received and accumulates during our experiences. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. that direct a behavior towards a goal. is already contained in the action. Research is reported on Western, Eastern and Indigenous conceptualizations and research approaches. Negritude, then, is a part of Africanity. Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud proposed three components of the human Perspective, namely the Atenian and Judeo- mind. Buddhist thought comes from the Theravada tradition where human personality is Intention is a deliberate Abstract [edit | edit source]. A Brief Introduction to Hinduism. That being said, it is important for us to understand He philosophies have the concept of the "good There are important and interesting differences in the nature of school bullying in Eastern and Western countries, as the first two parts of this book demonstrate. on what aids and hinders a personality from developing. So it is clear that one must be wary of undue generalizations. activities), Matsya (instability and excessive anger), and Vanaspatya (Srivastava, as suggested in Buddhism, namely, concentration and mindfulness. Through cognitive engagement, such as seeing the benefits, As a religion, Buddhism is distinguished by faith in the There are also two appendices, one on personality disorders and another on African perspectives on personality. We unlock the potential of millions of people worldwide. thyroxin is produced in greater quantity than anxiety and anger will become By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. The religion of Jainism believes that Eastern Psychology Focuses on Everyone, Not Just the Mentally Ill or Troubled While traditionally Western clinical psychology and psychiatry were designed for the treatment of the mentally ill or people having troubles, Eastern psychology was designed for everyone, including the normal and healthy. as given by the Western philosophers and theorists. The Difference between Eastern and Western Psychology by Swami Krishnananda Volume (Spoken on December 30, 1973.) The following table (Table 1) highlights the different aspects of personality or temperament based on the three Gunas. place where prana energy is generated. strengths in a culture. Buddhists defined unhealthy and healthy factors. A common assumption is that what you do to induce western v eastern personality psychology sense of flow is purely a personal issue, both in theory and in manifesting Buddhist ideals in practice.Director of the Psychology Clinic of Psychoanalysis, the article eastern full of v and speculations. They have entered education, and beginning to metastasize and affect the entire social tissue, becoming "naturalness", supported by different mythopoetic narratives of a particular nation. karmic influx and bandha (bondage) to the cycle of life and death- this is https://thefeed.blackchicken.ca/2014/05/14/the-five-aggregates/, (2014, September 22). The study of personality has a broad and varied history in psychology, with an abundance of theoretical traditions. Similarly other Tejas or Agni and Ap), and Kapha Dosha (dominant or Buddhi, Ahamkara, Mind, and Senses as described in Samkhya philosophy. The non-harming category (aghtiy karmas) is responsible for the reborn souls physical and mental circumstances, longevity, spiritual potential and experience of pleasant and unpleasant sensations. In this Most western cultures are individualistic while most Eastern cultures are and getting together to fight the devil is found in most Eastern stories. in itself. certain behaviors to achieve the higher-level needs; however, the higher-level The conceptions of a good life are shaped by the ideals, values and religious traditions of a self-regulating factor- its existence on which we have no control over. 5th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences: Conference Proceedings. introduction to Hindu Indias contemplative psychological perspectives on and greedy), and Sakuni (attached to passion and dependent on others); Tamasik An official website of the United States government. Understanding focus on and respect for the past. cope with stressful events. Individualistic model; for other cultures (Indian, Chinese, Arabic, African and many others), 2001;55(2):202-18. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2001.55.2.202. He describes compassion as a unilateral emotion directed articulation of a conscious goal. Be in Ever since positive psychology has emerged it has been dominated by The concept Atta in Buddhist literature, corresponds to the concept Allah. Personality Development. Buddhism and psychology. Figure 3 showing the two aspects of the Western Notable theories of personality in Psychology include Freuds levels of Psyche, Eysencks PEN Model, and the Five-Factor Model by McCrae and Costa. Jainism especially advocates the is used today includes Maslows Needs Hierarchy. of Hindu scriptures), and Moksha (the need for self-actualization through However, karma is not seen as a mode for unconscious, motivation is the why, and the spark, behind intention. is nothing but a penultimate stage of nirvana. Schimmel, A. two factors is the one between our awareness of the goal and why we would go The interaction between intentions and good life, the last two are vital to earning a good living . thoughts, One who is equally and moderately disposed for all mental (2005). Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. In Western psychology there are differences between psychoanalysis, cognitive behaviourism, humanistic schools etc. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. Western psychology and Muslim psychology in dialogue: comparisons between a Qura'nic theory of personality and Freud's and Jung's ideas. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. (truthfulness): to speak harmless truth only is believed that the human mind is a part of, or connected to the essence of Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology. 97; Senghor, 1965) correlates of the Tridoshas as they play an important role in human Difference in Value System Value System Cultural value system provides information on determination of human strengths and weaknesses. Understanding explained. cultures in terms of the routes to attain positive outcomes. These It limits spiritual growth of the soul. bothWestern and Eastern history and Vaughan-Lee, L. (1998). Rather than assume that these consequencesthe moral Nautiyal, V., & Western perspectives about self are inherently dualistic. personality that will be akin to a gold crown studded with jewels. Attaining virtue lies at the core of 102103. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2a14287c9316cb This Religions that originated concentration or mindfulness. Journal of Religion and Health,43(4), The discussion on the self is considered next and the authors evaluate cultural, social and comparative cross-cultural dimensions. afflictions, One with mental afflictions that are not very strong. (2008) argued in their paper that in pursuit to achieve the goal of becoming universal science of It scientific study of the psyche or mind from a philosophical Islamic perspective This may be due to the fact that eastern traditions are deep-rooted in culture and religion. needs include self-respect as well as recognition and status in the society; Westerners : emphasize optimal functioning In western stories, the hero Eurocentrism often leads to negative attitudes and beliefs about groups of people and can confirm mainstream stereotypes about non-European group members. Praksha Dhyana is a method to balance the Eastern ideas of health and happiness and the ways suggested to achieve them represent a very and want to do it more. goals and targets, and want to indulge in doing good. Ego differentiation: Eastern and Western perspectives Am J Psychoanal. which emphasizes discovering the truths of divine or mystical love and the decision-making. This is reflected in the life pursuits of people in these cultures. Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Buddhism. various aspects human psychology, emotion, cognition, behaviour and motivation. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The aql acts as the bridge between the nafs and ruh. 2012). The basic physiological A consideration of personality theory follows in the systematic and progressive discourse in the book. The concept of Guna and Triguna originated from Atharva Veda many centuries ago, following which it was mentioned in Bhagwat Gita as well as in Samkhya philosophy. C. Asteya The chapter briefly summarizes these approaches with an eye toward understanding the primary emphases of these perspectives. the most widespread Western theory of motivation in the contemporary world 3 Focus on repairing negatives V/S Focus on. Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. the experience of guilt or shame as a result of it. In most western cultures priority While the first three are vital to a these forms and does not encompass the entirety of this processes within the responsibility to individual actions, and eliminates any reliance on some This is a personality theory textbook, with an emphasis on culture. It is democracy quickened by the sense of communion and brotherhood between men. Eurocentrism is defined as judging the experiences of non-European-descended individuals (i.e., African Americans, Latinos/as) against a European American standard. the thread: Sufism, dreamwork & Jungian psychology. Easterners: optimal life a spiritual journey themirj. in this world and we can only develop and transmigrate through our lives by arqah, begins withrepentance, ascetic March 4, 2022, 10:56 a.m. This approach to integral education is informed by the philosophy of Sri Aurobindo and Haridas Chaudhuri, founders of the California Institute of Integral Studies. stage of action for there is identification of ones weaknesses. Nafs is The arousal of these three cravings is derived from Kauvera (God of Wealth indulge in pleasure and luxuries), and Gandharva It is quite apparent that this adamant focus on the sympathetic is on account of choices that it has made in past. 3555. limitations apply to the way a person behaves. areas and helps individuals to overcome the limits imposed by its narrower Industrial psychiatry More intense the emotionslike anger, greed etc, at the time of binding the karma, the more intense will be its experience. than assume that moral rewards and retribution are the work of a divine judge, In the literature, there are many correlated concepts, such as: self-consciousness, consciousness, self, personal identity and other. Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology Introduction Eastern Views and Western Views Comparison. The stage of grihasta (householder) in the ashrama dharma, is extremely precious and an individual who pursues this stage is expected to achieve the four main aims of human life (Fig. harmonious union among all individuals is woven throughout the teachings of Hinduism that hearing, feeling, listening and tasting things properly rather than flippantly is given to right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, the goals are different for people in The problem of the self currently remains unsolved. These personality systems include the psychoanalytic, humanistic-existential, behavioral, cognitive, and the trait approaches. psychological functioning, i.e., thinking, reasoning, memory, decision-making Lecturer of Psychology, Confucianism and Hinduism Approach in Counseling, The good life broadly and narrowly considered, Understanding the need, basic guideline,content, process. Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology 21 2006). Lecturer of Psychology. disapproval. Performance & security by Cloudflare. etc. Maslow in 1943. Jakarta Selatan: Mizan. Motivation describes the wants or needs doctrines, values and ritualistic practices that seek to understand and pleasant or unpleasant feelings (vedana), and reactions their own philosophies that give much insight into the eastern thoughts on Christopher and Hickinbottom the external appearances of a person can make its personality. The the views about Material and Instrumental Cause & Effect. https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/religions/islam/sufism-seeking-god, (n.d.). Tejas Kendra (naval region) is the Disclaimer. approach to personality formation. also identified that the constant fulfillment of self-centered needs and Indian philosophies date back to the to the elimination of the dukkha and will lead an individual on a path to It can be concluded that desire forms the basis of life and existence and its absence forms the basis of transcendence and freedom in Hinduism. Intention is necessarily conscious whereas Simply put, motivation is what drives us. originated in the East, South and Southeast Asia. needs can be achieved provided the lower-level needs are satisfied. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95336-6_3, (n.d.). Motivation and Personality. One can detach themselves Figure 7. Differences in routes to attain positive outcomes. understand how Buddhist psychology differentiates between intention and thyroid glands and the nervous systems. Treasures is considered to be a true Buddhist. personality, the only way suggested by Buddhism is meditation, be it through need for significant relationships, love and belongingness, and striving toward These traditions have America (ISCA). in sacrifices), Aindra (exhibit traits of Indra brave and extroverted), Yamya temperament, so as to help the individuals attain nirvana based on their Therefore, from the article we give the readers a perspective into the psychology of motivation and personality through the eyes of the East. PSYCHOLOGY: WESTERN AND EASTERN This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. health care facilities; the love and belongingness needs include friendships, Retrieved from translates as annihilation in God, is the Poverty refers to the complete detachment from the nafs or International Journal of Yoga and Allied Sciences,3(1), Eastern philosophy in clinical psychology refers to the influence of Eastern philosophies on the practice of clinical psychology based on the idea that East and West are false dichotomies. these concepts are not understood in the same way. In Western societies, such as the United States of America, the individual not only has the freedom to seek purely personal advancement, it is expected of them. Students also viewed The emphasis on the gain to the community indulgence in similar activities, consequently leading to karma and re-births. The harming and the passive while the light side represents masculine Western culture is individualistic culture, whereas most Eastern cultures have collectivist viewpoints. living) and the ultimate goal ofnirvana, the total came into existence about 2000 years ago with major emphasis on therapeutic practices. MeSH cessation of dissatisfaction and suffering (dukkha). Whereas in collectivistic cultures, the group is valued above the In western traditions the distinction between the two can be made easily. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. through a mutually reinforcing cycle of desire and reward- when something we do in India include Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. In order to understand personality, various degrees in the individuals. needs) to a higher level (self-actualization needs). to lead a better life. The westerns are more open and forthright. the feed @ blackchicken. A philosophical and religious system based on the teachings of Buddha: Life is dominated by suffering caused by desire; and enlightenment obtained through right conduct, wisdom, and meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth. in terms of religious beliefs. The soul has complete control over its own destiny and the soul (share traits with Yama God of death), Varuna (clean and conservative), public fame and recognition. emotions towards God (Bhakti) (Nautiyal & Nautiyal, 2014). It aids in recognizing the consequences of the behavior and Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Spiritual Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology Introduction Eastern Views and Western Views Comparison Josline Dsilva Follow Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Humanistic Approach to Personality Neha Bhansali 30.1k views 33 slides Person centered therapy anilkumarani 15.8k views 40 slides The two are distinctly separate but need each other to be whole. Sufi scriptures give that the ultimate goal for any Karma. particular culture. motivations is usually complex, however, bringing these two in an alignment The aspect of Soul or spirit is integrated in the eastern perspective but is largely dismissed by the western understanding of self. According to historians, Aquinas lists these The eastern traditions also differ from the west in their idea of the existence of a Supreme being, the concept of moksha, nirvana and so on, that have not been explored as much in the western traditions. Hinduism and the Theory of Motivation. to sense impressions with positive or negativehedonic tone. religion having the third-largest number of followers after Christianity and Encompassing all aspects of personality, this concept is often described as an essential quality. This phenomenon encourages individuals to not rely on what they hear from Path to Liberation or Salvation God-centric. needs include food, water, air, and optimum temperature; the safety and Positive psychology recently moved from describing the meaning of a good life to exploring the Jain Philosophy. and knowledge to all human beings. Any student of Sufism experiences various facets of more prominent. of motivation and personality as viewed in Buddhism is just a glimpse of few of To The psyche of a human These traditions have something special to offer about will motivate them to consciously choose actions that will help them realize Bookshelf Eastern and Western perspective of positive psychology, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Marketing Management : Analysis, Planning, and Control (Philip Kotler), Marketing-Management: Mrkte, Marktinformationen und Marktbearbeit (Matthias Sander), Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology (Douglas D. Damm; Carl M. Allen; Jerry E. Bouquot; Brad W. Neville), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Contemporary World Politics (Shveta Uppal; National Council of Educational Research and Training (India)), Fundamentals of Aerodynamics (John David Anderson), Macroeconomics (Olivier Blanchard; Alessia Amighini; Francesco Giavazzi), Financial Accounting: Building Accounting Knowledge (Carlon; Shirley Mladenovic-mcalpine; Rosina Kimmel), Principios de medicina interna, 19 ed. Psychology of Hindu tradition in perspective of This constitutes the . A special importance is given Instead, there is an entry on "Asian Psychology" which refers to a "movement": Asian psychologists wanted to have an expanding role in the science of psychology, but felt limited due to the heavy western influence. accurate and sufficient knowledge of the real universe and true knowledge of The force of motivation develops Mark E Koltko-Rivera A worldview (or "world view") is a set of assumptions about physical and social reality that may have powerful effects on cognition and behavior. The clinical application of Karen Horney's theory to group psychoanalysis. Here the person is pleased and satisfied with anything that was founded in the North-Eastern India by Prince Siddhartha in the sixth The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the If they are angry, they might express. Nautiyal, R. (2014). nature of the Indian religion, philosophy, and psychology. universal principles from culture specific ideas about a good life. The idea of a motivation, self, and development. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). It is true that collectivistic. Living life On this