These trends in the development of the armed forces as a fighting force, as well as efforts to combat corruption within the ranks of military personnel and government bureaucracy, have been critically important in the ability of Nigeria to confront challenges to its national security and stability in the wider region of West Africa as a whole. It was Major Chukwuma Nzeogwu that officially announced the successful coup on Radio Nigeria in Kaduna. ), women married by age 15: 15.7%women married by age 18: 43.4%men married by age 18: 3.2% (2018 est. At the apex of government was the all-military Supreme Military Council (SMC), which was the lawmaking body for the entire federation. Muhammadu BUHARI (since 29 May 2015); Vice President Oluyemi "Yemi" OSINBAJO (since 29 May 2015); note - the president is both chief of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the armed forceshead of government: President Maj. Gen. )$42.839 billion (31 December 2018 est. Local government must have specific powers to perform a range of functions assigned it by law. As a way of forestalling any coup, he quickly established Supreme Military Council which was to manage affairs of the country. The cabinet members include 36 ministers, each chosen from the 36 states of Nigeria by the president. Olusegun Obasanjo, who by 1999, had become president, bemoaned the fact in his inaugural address that year: " Professionalism has been lost my heart bleeds to see the degradation in the proficiency of the military. That policy statement did not deter Nigeria under Generals Ibrahim Babangida in 1990 and Sani Abacha in 1997, from sending ECOMOG peacekeeping forces under the auspices of ECOWAS into Liberia and later Sierra Leone, when the civil wars broke out in those countries. Nigeria is a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multiparty system. )exports of goods and services: 11.9% (2017 est. Three arms of government in Nigeria and their functions The Federal Executive The Federal Legislature The Judiciary Executive power President formal Government Structure for Real Governance Impact in Nigeria By Samson R. Akinola, PhD1 and Ayo Adesopo, PhD2 . )8.53% (2019 est. )beer: 0.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )253.492 (2016 est. 1922 - Part of . The military are not trained in the act of governance. The Nigerian Armed Forces (NAF) are the combined military forces of Nigeria. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. We may share your site usage data with our social media, advertising, and analytics partners for these reasons. Regionalism was introduced to the Nigeria system by the Richards Constitution. note: data are in current year dollars$69.927 billion (2019 est.) Learn more about the creation of the 36 state and capital in Nigeria. (male 3,635,334/female 4,123,030) 2022 population pyramid Dependency ratios Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Provision of basic amenities like education, quality and affordable health care, good water, good roads, etc. It is composed of the Head of State, Chief of General Staff, Minister of Defense; service chiefs of the Army, Air force and Navy, Inspector General of Police, Attorney General and all military Governors. )0.6% of GDP (2020 est. Disclaimer. Also, there had been growing unrest among the ranks in military due to some reasons which will be mentioned later. President Muhammadu Buhari's over-due reforms aren't yet enough to turn an under-resourced, over-stretched and corrupt army back into a professional force. Although both the 2003 and 2007 presidential elections were marred by significant irregularities and violence, Nigeria is currently experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. )services: 56.4% (2017 est. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow feverwater contact diseases: leptospirosis and schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisaerosolized dust or soil contact diseases: Lassa fevernote 1: on 4 May 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Travel Health Notice for a Yellow Fever outbreak in Nigeria; a large, ongoing outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria began in September 2017; the outbreak is now spread throughout the country with the Nigerian Ministry of Health reporting cases of the disease in multiple states (Bauchi, Benue, Delta, Ebonyi, and Enugu); the CDC recommends travelers going to Nigeria should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreaknote 2: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Nigeria; as of 9 December 2022, Nigeria has reported a total of 266,283 cases of COVID-19 or 129.17 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 3,155 cumulative deaths or a rate of 1.53 cumulative death per 100,000 population; as of 13 November 2022, 29.28% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine note 3: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Nigeria is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, total: 4.49 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi was made the Head of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria, but was soon overthrown and murdered in a coup in July of the same year. It includes bodies such as: The Federal Capital Territory is administered only by the federal government. Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. Federal Executive Council; 2. ), household consumption: 80% (2017 est. The 30-month long civil war, which ended in January 1970, resulted in 1-3 million . We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. )male: 6.9% (2020 est. The operational head of the AFN is the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is subordinate to the Nigerian Defence Minister. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASEnote: adopted 1978; lyrics are a mixture of the five top entries in a national contest, total World Heritage Sites: 2 (both cultural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Sukur Cultural Landscape; Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, one of the largest West African economies; oil-dependent exports, revenues, and credit; COVID-19 and oil price shocks have resulted in slowing growth, high inflation, increasing unemployment; frequent disruptions due to political instability, especially in the north, $1.05 trillion (2021 est. )industrial: 1.965 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Lack of respect for the rule of law; the military does not respect the rule of law because the military rule is conducted without a constitution. Reasons for Military Interventions in Nigeria, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play, Major General J.T.U. Privacy Policy [22] The army itself is governed by the Nigerian Army Council (NAC). The executive arm, also known as the cabinet, is divided into over 15 federal ministries. From 1966 to 1999, Nigeria experienced a series of military coups, excluding the short-lived second republic between 1979 and 1983. Creation of employment opportunities, enabling environment for businesses to thrive at any level. All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. The Nigerian government structure has been resilient; it has jumped back on its feet and modified itself from past experiences. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Supreme military council was created by Muhammed Buhari while Muritala Muhammed. Control and regulation of shops, restaurants, kiosks, and other venues for sales of food. The current head of the Joint Task Force in Niger Delta is Rear Admiral Akinjide Akinrinade. Emblem of the Nigerian Armed Forces by service branches. )crude oil estimated reserves: 36.89 billion barrels (2021 est. note: data are in current year dollars$72.178 billion (2020 est.) )19.6% of GDP (2016 est. [7], The Nigerian Armed Forces were established in 1960 as the successor to the combat units of the Royal West African Frontier Force stationed in the country, which had previously served as the British Empire's multi-battalion field force, during Nigeria's protectorate period. )from consumed natural gas: 36.856 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. ), total: 65,313 (2020 est. Subject: Government ), widespread lack of access: due to persistent civil conflict in the northern areas, localized shortfalls in cereal production, and high food prices - according to the latest analysis, about 19.45 million people were projected to be in need of humanitarian food assistance between June and August 2022, owing to the deterioration of security conditions and conflicts in northern states, localized shortfalls in staple food production, high food prices and reduced incomes;as of September 2022, flood affected about 190,000 people in areas already affected by high levels of food insecurity, malnutrition and violence in northeastern states (2022), municipal solid waste generated annually: 27,614,830 tons (2009 est. The future of Nigerian politics lies in tolerating civilian governance. Nigeria needs to harness the potential of its burgeoning youth population in order to boost economic development, reduce widespread poverty, and channel large numbers of unemployed youth into productive activities and away from ongoing religious and ethnic violence. ), production: 46,296,835,000 cubic meters (2019 est. The military derives pleasure in passing harsh laws (draconian laws) which sometimes take retroactive effect. The federal government is the top notch level of government in the Nigerian government structure. The President of Nigeria functions as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, exercising his constitutional authority through the Ministry of Defence, which is responsible for the management of the military and its personnel. [23] The U.S. commercial military contractor, Military Professional Resources Inc. has been involved around 19992000 in advising on civil-military relations for the armed forces.[24]. The legislature branch of the Nigerian government structure is the law making body of the country. )imports: 0 kWh (2019 est. Local government must be a legal entity distinct from the state and federal government. ), 15.946 million Lagos, 4.348 million Kano, 3.875 million Ibadan, 3.840 million ABUJA (capital), 3.480 million Port Harcourt, 1.905 million Benin City (2023), at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2023 est. The military history of Nigeria since the colonial rule began precisely on the 1 st October 1966. The Judiciary: This is headed by the Chief Justice of the country and various Judges of the court of appeal and high court. The civil war greatly increased this military presence: because of the war, the armed forces were . This coup was led by Major General Gideon Orkah but it failed again. The governance styles of Nigerian leaders, both during the military and civilian regimes, have perpetuated poverty with dualistic policy in all sectors of the economy - housing, transport, health, education and other . Im just going to give a quick list here. This led to the execution of Mamman Vatsa and 10 other military officers that same year. There are 774 local government areas in the Nigerian government structure, with Kano having the largest number of 44 and the smallest number of 9 belonging to Bayelsa state. This arose from the monumental annulment, by the Babangida military regime, of the June 12 1993, presidential election, adjudged by . )13.25% (2020 est. )agricultural: 5.51 billion cubic meters (2017 est. It can be prevented if elected officials are responsive to the yearnings of the people. ), total: 18.6 yearsmale: 18.4 yearsfemale: 18.9 years (2020 est. )$1.032 trillion (2019 est. )from petroleum and other liquids: 67.406 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Discuss the reasons why the military involve in politics. Most members of the SMC under Gowon were state governors. Military regimes are by their nature autocratic; they are insensitive to the opinions or the demands of the people. Get on our mailing list. The president appoints his ministers; and these ministers make up his cabinet. At this point in time, the Nigerian military ballooned in strength from 85,000 personnel in 1967, to more than 250,000 troops by the war's end. Mismanagement and wastage of public funds. Pry School Lesson notes will soon be ready. This was the supreme decision-making body in the country. )0.5% of GDP (2019) (approximately $3.53 billion)0.5% of GDP (2018) (approximately $3.72 billion)0.5% of GDP (2017) (approximately $3.42 billion), information varies; approximately 135,000 active duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022), the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2023), 18-26 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022), 200 Ghana (ECOMIG) (2022)note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically, the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africas largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwest are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths), meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships, the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea", Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham West Africa; Jamaatu Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis-Sudan (Ansaru)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Nigeria-Cameroon: Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phaseout of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; demarcation of the Bakassi Peninsula and adjoining border areas should be finalized in 2022; as Lake Chads evaporation exposed dry land, only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries, Nigeria-Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea: the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation, refugees (country of origin): 87,220 (Cameroon) (2023)IDPs: 3.17 million (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2023), a significant source for cannabis cultivation and methamphetamine production; a major place for transnational drug trafficking networks that supply cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; traffickers also involved in the transportation, facilitation, and distribution of illicitly diverted tramadol, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). It is led by the President of Nigeria. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy. Provision of amenities which include public education, affordable quality healthcare, electricity, affordable housing, good roads, and other utilities. They have the following duties to perform: Now, lets talk about the arms of government in Nigeria. ), urban population: 54.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 3.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. The coup plotters attacked Ibadan, Lagos and Kaduna within a period of 2 days. Nigeria is a republic with a federal democracy and an executive president. The president is head of both state and government, and leads the Federal Executive Council (cabinet). However, the Buhari Government was in power for just 20 months as Major General Ibrahim Babangida would later stage a coup on the 27thof August 1985 leading to the ouster of the Buhari-led Government. Interesting History: List of all Nigerian presidents from 1960 till date, The state government level of the Nigerian government structure is divided into 36 states and 1 territory. Lets talk about each of these arms as they make the pieces of the Nigerian government structure a complete one. One feature that has stayed with the Nigerian government structure is its separation of power. There are roadblocks to a strong democracy in Nigeria at all levels of government. 0-14 years: 40.69% (male 47,978,838/female 45,940,446)15-64 years: 55.95% (male 64,923,147/female 64,241,948)65 years and over: 3.36% (2023 est.) But why? The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel . The 2015 election was also heralded for the fact that the then-umbrella opposition party, the All Progressives Congress, defeated the long-ruling People's Democratic Party that had governed since 1999, and assumed the presidency, marking the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another. Since then, in its top-level positions, the country has been ruled by military or police officers, with one solitary civilian governor in the Ibo East Central State. Presidential and legislative elections were held in early 2019 and deemed broadly free and fair despite voting irregularities, intimidation, and violence. Smaller army forces have been previously sent on UN and ECOWAS deployments in the former Yugoslavia, Guinea-Bissau, and Sierra Leone. ), $50.856 billion (2021 est.) Guest post Military rule in Nigeria first started on January 15, 1966, when a group or army officers overthrew the NPC-NNDP government and killed many of the countrys political rulers. N.J. Miners, The Nigerian Army 195666, Methuen and Co. Ltd, London, 1971.
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