May 1, 1939. Our King And Queen, God Bless Them! 19 May. Commemorative Plate King George VI and Queen Elizabeth 1939 visit to Canada You've already signed up for some newsletters, but you haven't confirmed your address. Canada became the political equal of the United Kingdom, sharing a common monarch. 1939 Canada Royal Visit Silver Medal June 2 1939 Edmonton Engrave #coinsofcanada. to the throne and instead trained for a naval career. Its full of updates about our collections, research, exhibitions, events, promos and fundraising. Camillien Houde, to 15 June (excluding four days in the United States from 8 to 11 June). Etsys 100% renewable electricity commitment includes the electricity used by the data centers that host Etsy.com, the Sell on Etsy app, and the Etsy app, as well as the electricity that powers Etsys global offices and employees working remotely from home in the US. "These veterans are taking a great pride in their King and Queen who have come to them so graciously today and have mingled so long among them. When the decision was finally made to proceed in the spring of 1939, the original plan to use a battleship for the transatlantic voyage was scrapped in favour of a civilian ocean liner in case the warship was needed to defend Britain. our ethnic character. James is a Director of The Historical Society of Ottawa. For example, when the royal train reached 6.40, 8.00 Note the emphasis on alliance with the joined flags in the officially approved memorabilia. The presence of the King and Queen in Quebec received extensive press coverage, commentators objected to the implications of this coverage. After dodging icebergs and sailing through fog, the royal couple's ship finally arrives at Wolfe's Cove in Quebec. The Royal Visit (1939) - IMDb Vintage 1939 Royal Visit to Canada Souvenir Plate by Alfred - Etsy Interestingly, on their short U.S. visit, no British minister accompanied the King and Queen. The 1939 royal tour by King George VI and Queen Elizabeth was This was followed by the laying of the cornerstone of Canadas Supreme Court building on Wellington Street by Queen Elizabeth as her husband looked on. And I don't think they do," the announcer said. In 2000, the Queen Mother was appointed to the Order of Canada at the age of 100. We've sent you an email to confirm your subscription. Before returning to Britain, the royal couple sailed to St. Johns, "The King saluting the prime minister, his foot is on Canadian soil and the royal tour has begun.". Their itinerary would also includea visit to the United States, before wrapping up their tour in Halifax. Sponsored. Please. It was the most successful royal tour in Canadian history, with enormous crowds greeting the royal couple as they crossed the country by train. Page 3", "Trooping the Colour / Birthday Parade / Ottawa", "Society > The Monarchy > Presenting 'Chief Sitting Albino', "History > Government House > Aides Room", "Centennial Happenings at the Provincial Archives", "Exhibitions > Online Exhibitions > 2. and Quebec tourism increased by 65 per cent in the aftermath of the tour. Learn more in our Privacy Policy, Help Centre, and Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. The separation of British and Canadian foreign policy in the Statute of Westminster meant that Canada did not automatically declare war on Germany along with the United King George VI Queen Elizabeth Royal Visit to Canada May 1939 Sovereign Learn more about governments intention to modernize the museum to protect our historic holdings and provide better access to our collections. The Ottawa Citizen, 1939. 1939, The Royal Visit to Canada, HM King George VI and Queen - YouTube Royal visit Ottawa Union Station 1939.jpg 739 548; 135 KB. and instead placed the royal tour in a French Canadian context, stating, Why dont we, French Canadians, profit from the occasion to manifest our loyalty and attachment to our sovereigns, certainly, but also to our language, our nationality, our rights, To enable personalised advertising (like interest-based ads), we may share your data with our marketing and advertising partners using cookies and other technologies. Taylor Foundation: Toronto. Send me exclusive offers, unique gift ideas, and personalized tips for shopping and selling on Etsy. Canada Dept. The trip was an overwhelming success. This type of data sharing may be considered a sale of information under California privacy laws. On Sunday, 21 May, the King formally unveiled the National War Memorial in front of more than 100,000 spectators and 10,000 veterans of the Great War. 377.12, 419.03 Le roi George VI et la reine Elizabeth arrivent lAssemble lgislative de la Saskatchewan (34022285310).jpg, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth at the Chateau Frontenac.jpg, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Canada 1939.jpg, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Ottawa.jpg, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth on platform of Royal Train - Royal Tour 1939.jpg, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Rideau Hall.jpg, King George VI delivering a radio broadcast to the Empire on Empire Day, Winnipeg, Manitoba - Le roi George VI diffusant un message la radio aux sujets de l'Empire britannique le jour de l'Empire, Winnipeg (Manitoba) (38766480811).jpg, King George VI presenting the King's Colour to the Royal Canadian Navy during a ceremony in Beacon Hill Park.jpg, Le roi George VI et la reine Elizabeth dans la salle du Conseil lgislatif du Parlement de Qubec 1939.jpg, Map of the Royal Itinerary in Metropolitan Winnipeg May 24th 1939 (1939) (3131551088).jpg, Monument. View Etsys Privacy Policy. 1939 Royal Visit Canada Commemorative Copper King George VI Token - 30 MM. Sponsored. perceived as distant figureheads. have been 2,000,000 people, all very enthusiastic & glad to have an excuse to show their feelings. Although the British Government was supportive of a North American Royal Tour, the trip was delayed for almost two years owing to the political situation in Europe. The Governor Generals position transformed from representative of the British government to representative of the shared monarch alone. the event. 1930s Vintage Glass Plate Commemorate 1939 Royal Visit Canada | Etsy With great pageantry, a Trooping of the Colours was held on Parliament Hill to mark the event. Never before had the King and Queen walked unescorted and unprotected through such crowds; an act that delighted the ex-servicemen and terrified the security men. The future King George VI was born on 14 December 1895. They crossed the country twice in a blue and silver royal train that became the most recognizable symbol of the tour. Even the cars used were custom-built to create maximum visual impact. On May 29th they left Banff, stopping briefly at Kamloops and then entered Vancouver, where large enthusiastic crowds greeted them. Dept. Earning the ire of Canadian imperialists, Tweedsmuir publicly stated that A Canadians first loyalty is not to the British Commonwealth of Nations but to Canada and Canadas King. When U.S. President Roosevelt heard that a trip to Canada was being planned for the royal couple, he extended an invitation to the King and Queen to come to the United States as well, writing that a visit would be an excellent thing for Anglo-American relations.. One old fellow said to me, Aye, man if Hitler could just see this. It was wonderful proof of what a peoples King means., The King and Queen were greeted by enormous crowds throughout the tour. French-language newspapers emphasized that French Canadians were loyal to the Crown and admired the royal couple on a personal level but did not support British imperialism or view themselves as having assimilated into the British Empire. Keep in mind that anyone can view public collections- they may also appear in recommendations and other places. Digital Archives4:27A word from the QueenOn the last day of the 1939 Royal Tour, the Queen tells Canadians the visit has been a "rare delight" for her. The tour, however, renewed ties between Canadians and Britain, helping to ensure support for joining Britain in its war effort. A CBC radio announcer covering the event observed the warm rapport between the royal couple and the crowd: One these The train then travelled east, stopping, among other places, in Jasper, While a formal affair, the meal was held in an atmosphere of democratic ease. Before dinner, the King and Queen stepped out on the balcony of the hotel to receive a thunderous applause from the 40,000 people in the Square below. VI & Queen Mother Elizabeth Visit Canada C $43.80 Free shipping Commemorative Plate King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Visit to Canada 1939 C $19.89 + C $13.24 shipping Hover to zoom Have one to sell? After dedicating the national war memorial in Ottawa, King George staged one of the first royal walkabouts among the assembled Canadian veterans. Part of the Canadian Royal Train made a round trip test run from Montreal to Brockville, Ontario with six of the Royal Train cars. Refresh your browser window to try again. Intel Core i5-12600K Unlocked Desktop Processor - 10 Cores (6P+4E) And 16 Thread, DEWALT DCCS620B 20V MAX Cordless Li-Ion 12 in. Box 500 Station A Toronto, ON Canada, M5W 1E6. Captcha failed to load. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Canada's Senate. This page was last edited on 28 August 2022, at 04:26. More than 250,000 people crammed onto the Plains of Abraham and along the heights overlooking the St Lawrence to greet the ocean liner, and for a glimpse of their King and Queen. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for CANADA 1939 Royal Visit 2c Plate block No.1-1 SG 373 MLH / LMM Sale x at the best online prices at eBay! Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Myott 1939 Souvenir Plate Visit of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth to Canada at the best online prices at eBay! The King and Queen developed a strong rapport with Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, KING GEORGE VI QUEEN ELIZABETH COMMEMORATIVE PLATE 1939 ROYAL VISIT TO CANADA C $3.98 + C $22.69 shipping Vtg 1939 Commemorative Plate King Geo. We are generously supported by theRoyal BC Museum FoundationLearn more here, 675 Belleville Street,Victoria, BC V8W 9W2, 1-250-356-72261-888-447-7977reception@royalbcmuseum.bc.ca, Indigenous Collections and Repatriation department, Indigenous Collections and Repatriation Policy, Conservation of the Thunderbird Park poles, Curators and archivists look at the CRB site, Royal Visitors at the Royal British Columbia Museum, HRH Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and the Miracle Mile. Coat of arms and motto of Canada. on 4 January 1939. Complete Official Program For Royal Visit To Ottawa Contains Ceremonial Detail, 18 May. Andthat also meant lots of exposure for Canada. On 20 January 1936, King George V died and was succeeded by the Duke of Yorks older brother, who became King Edward VIII. Obverse. 1939 Royal Tour,Historica Canada. Spry said the Canadian coverage was inescapable for the readers of British newspapers in partbecause ofa lack of other news. Charitable Registration #107484081 RR 0001, Personalities from the Very Famous to the Lesser Known, Significant Technological Changes in the City, Important Public and Private Buildings in the City. "The front pages of the newspapers are reserved for the daily events of the tour," said correspondent Graham Spry, when describing to CBCRadio listeners the extensive press coverage taking place overseas. The French people in Quebec and Ottawa were wonderfully loyal; & [in]Montreal there must George VI was the first British King to tour Canada and the United States of America. Stay connected through our e-newsletter. Quebec City rolls out the red carpet for 1939 Royal Tour. View basket for details. Refresh your browser window to try again. Engraver: Birks . November 18, 1939 (Canada) Country of origin Canada Language English Also known as La visite de nos souverains Production company Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau See more company credits at IMDbPro Technical specs Runtime 1 hour 26 minutes Color Black and White Aspect ratio 1.37 : 1 Contribute to this page In 1923, the Duke of York married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the ninth of the 10 children of the Earl and Countess of Strathmore, members of the Scottish aristocracy. Lord Tweedsmuir, Canadas Governor General, raised the possibility of a Canadian Royal Tour in early 1937, with Prime Minister Mackenzie King extending the official invitation while he was in London for the King Georges coronation in May of that year. Ambassador to Canada, something that the Governor General would normally have done. cuisine that the King and Queen had enjoyed in Quebec to the hot dogs or peanut butter sandwiches that the royal couple might receive in the United States. Highlights of the 1939 Royal Tour in British Columbia included travel by Royal Train, an engine type ever after called the Royal Hudson. The view from Britain of the 1939 Royal Tour. On their way back home to Rideau Hall, they stopped at Dows Lake where they talked to a small boy who was fishing. George VI gave royal assent to nine bills and became the first Canadian monarch to directly meet his Parliament. Royal Visit Premier Mitchell Hepburn and wife presented to the King and Queen in the Ontario Legislature 1939.jpg 1,600 1,192; 271 KB. In the midst of their Canadian tour, the royal couple spent four days in the United States, which included a visit with US president Franklin Delano Roosevelt at his private residence at Hyde Park in New York and in Washington, DC. CA$57.60, CA$64.00 View history A crowd in Victoria, British Columbia, watch King George VI and his royal consort, Queen Elizabeth, coming up the walkway during their 1939 royal tour of Canada. In the days before the Quiet Revolution, the Crown, seen as a guarantor of minority rights, was held in high esteem in French Canada. After starting out in Quebec City, the royal tour progressed to Montreal and eventually to Ottawa. Original Price CA$23.49 C $8.15 + C $13.60 shipping. In 1930, the Canadian government requested that the Prince, who had become Duke of York in 1920, be chosen as Governor General. The tour, which included a four-day visit to the United States, also reinforced critical Anglo-Canadian and Anglo-American relations on the eve of the Second World War. First World War veterans who were part of a crowd of at least 100,000 people. Regal Reception | King George VI, Elizabeth II, Royal Visit to Toronto or to simply watch the train pass through areas where no stop was scheduled. the reception of the King and Queen by Mackenzie King and Winnipeg mayor John Queen. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. With more than 100 journalists covering the Royal Tour, the event established the broadcaster as the authoritative voice of Canada. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Canada's Senate. American coverage of the royal tour assumed that Quebec was comparatively indifferent or hostile to the presence of the King and Queen in the province. A National Film Board documentary covering the event described King George as the symbol of the new Canada, a free nation inside a great Commonwealth.. On May 29ththey left Banff, stopping briefly at Kamloops and then entered Vancouver, where large enthusiastic crowds greeted them. The King subsequently ratified two treaties with the United Statesa trade agreement, and a convention on boundary waters at Rainy Lake, Ontario. "[He]says for me to tell you there's no bulletproof glass around, they don't need it with the veterans here. Take full advantage of our site features by enabling JavaScript. Bousfield, Arthur and Toffoli, Garry, 1989. on the new Supreme Court of Canada building then under construction. Please. Great! Aired on CBC Radio's A Canadian in London on May 17, 1939. Along the route, the royal couple was greeted by a continuous rolling applause by the hundreds of thousands that line the eight-mile route. Delivery times may vary, especially during peak periods. Please be advised the third-floor galleries are currently closed. Mackenzie King welcomed the royal couple at every stop on the tour. ROYAL WINTON COMMEMORATIVE PLATE Details : This is a hand painted Royal Winton, Grimwades Plate Made to Commemorate the Royal Visit of King George Vl and Queen Eliza National Film Board, 1939. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for CANADA 1939 Royal Visit 2c Plate block No.1-1 SG 373 MLH / LMM Sale x at the best online prices at eBay! (Library and Archives Canada/PA-211015). It was a political triumph for Prime Minister Mackenzie King who accompanied the royal couple throughout their trip. , 1939. Features the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth image at center surrounded by flags of the empire, royal crown above and gold ribbon commemorating the Canadian visit below with princess crest on each corner. Public collections can be seen by the public, including other shoppers, and may show up in recommendations and other places. It was the first visit of a reigning . A History of Counterfeiting in Canada, 2013, General Store Publishing House, Renfrew, Ontario. Looks like you already have an account! Digital Archives9:05The first royal walkaboutAfter unveiling the National War Memorial in Ottawa during the 1939 Royal Tour, the King and Queen unexpectedly venture into the surrounding crowd of veterans. King George VI and his wife, Queen Elizabeth, arrive in Quebec City on May 17, 1939, at the start of their month-long royal tour in Canada. to the royal couple to visit Canada after a planned tour of India was cancelled in 1938. The Statute, passed in Britain in December 1931, effectively gave Canada its autonomy, recognizing that the Canadian government was in no way subordinate to the Imperial government in either domestic or international affairs, although they shared a common allegiance to the Crown. (National Film Board of Canada/Photothque/ Library and Archives Canada/C-065499). Canada marks 1939 Royal Visit with three commemorative coins - CoinWorld 1939 Royal Visit To Canada King George VI British Royalty Comb To commemorate the royal visit to Canada. Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions. Even so, the trip was almost stillborn given deteriorating European political conditions. Their time in North America also took them toNewfoundland, which was not yet a Canadian province. The following day, 20 May, was declared the Kings official birthday; his actual birthday was 14 December. After unveiling the National War Memorial in Ottawa during the 1939 Royal Tour, the King and Queen unexpectedly venture into the surrounding crowd of veterans. By one estimate, two million people were on the streets of Montreal to greet the monarchs. In 1939, Canada rolled out the red carpet for the royal tour | CBC Archives Loaded. It was also a huge success for the King and Queen. With the clouds of war darkening Europe, the tour had tremendous political significance as Britain sought allies in the expected conflict with Nazi Germany. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Something went wrong. The Statute changed the relationship between Canada and the monarchy, creating 1939 Royal Visit to Canada Vintage Plate Their Majesties King - Etsy There was a problem subscribing you to this newsletter. Great! Etsy uses cookies and similar technologies to give you a better experience, enabling things like: Detailed information can be found in Etsys Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy and our Privacy Policy. A terrific 1939 Vintage Plate issued to Commemorate the 1939 Royal Visit to Canada of Their Majesties King George VI and Queen Elizabeth / Alfred Meakins / Royal Marigold pattern / Queen Mother This plate was issued to commemorate the 1939 royal visit to Canada by the King and Queen only 3 years after the coronation and shortly before the the mayor of Montreal, ensured that Montreal spent more money on royal tour events than Toronto. 19 May 1939 In early May 1939, King George VI and his wife Queen Elizabeth sailed from England on the Empress of Australia bound for Canada on a month-tour of North America. Notes - Delivery *Estimated delivery dates include seller's dispatch time, origin postcode, destination postcode and time of acceptance, and will depend on the postage service selected and receipt of cleared payment. Memorial in Hampstead Park BAnQ P48S1P05549.jpg, Photograph of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Canada.jpg, Postcard of Royal Visit, Windsor Hotel, Montreal, Canada, 1939.jpg, Queen's Park Decorated for Royal Visit.jpg, Royal procession on Sherbrooke Street.JPG, Royal Tour at the Province House.   France   |   English (US)   |   (EUR), remembering account, browser, and regional preferences, remembering privacy and security settings, personalized search, content, and recommendations, helping sellers understand their audience, showing relevant, targeted ads on and off Etsy, remember your login, general, and regional preferences, personalize content, search, recommendations, and offers. Over 10,000 Veterans Ready To Line Route For Royalty,1 May. The British government decided against this Send me exclusive offers, unique gift ideas, and personalised tips for shopping and selling on Etsy. According to CBC Radio's reporting, some veterans in the front row crouched down so the people behind them could see the royal couple. May 6, 1939. The King and Queen also enchanted President Roosevelt and the U.S. public. Lanctt, Gustave, 1964. Yesterday in Toronto it was the same.. The royal couple left North America two days later, returning to England on 21 June. 1939, The Royal Visit to Canada, HM King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, Vancouver BCSharp Kodachrome colour film, crisp and clean. 1930s Vintage Glass Plate Commemorate 1939 Royal Visit Canada | Etsy The crowds roared Vive le Roi and Vive la Reine as the King and Queen alit on Canadian soil for the first time at Wolfes Cove. The enthusiasm was shared by Canadians of all backgrounds. Despite the cold, inclement weatherdrizzle and what suspiciously looked like snowtens of thousands had assembled to greet the King and Queen. Fiftieth Anniversary of the 1939 Royal Visit, The Story of the Canadian: Royal Train of 1939. The Royal Tour of King George VI. Notes - Delivery *Estimated delivery dates include seller's handling time, origin postal code, destination postal code and time of acceptance, and will depend on shipping service selected and receipt of cleared payment. These comprise: A History of the Canadian Dollar, 2005, Bank of Canada, The Bank of Canada of James Elliott Coyne: Challenges, Confrontation and Change, 2009, Queens University Press, and with Jill Moxley, Faking It! the first time a reigning Canadian monarch had set foot in this country. The King and Queen's tour would take them through Ontario and the Prairie provinces and out to British Columbiaover the fourweeks that followed. the royal train. Galbraith, J. William, 1989. capital of the separate Dominion of Newfoundland at the time. -, 2013. There was considerable press commentary that the King remained in salute for O Canada, which was until then just a popular patriotic song. Plenty of details.4 min 07. After the visit to the United States, the royal couple returned to Canada and continued their tour through Rivire-du-Loup, Fredericton, Find out more in our Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. C $47.61 + shipping. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King formally welcomed the couple with a speech that included the words, Today as never before the throne has become the centre of our national life.. Instead, Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King was the sole minister present to advise the King. For Queen Elizabeth, the 1939 tour began a 50-year personal relationship with Canada that helped establish her and her husband as a modern royal couple and set precedents for future Canadian royal tours. There was an international press corps as well, which also travelled on 1939 Royal Visit to Canada Vintage Plate Their Majesties King | Etsy Learn more about Product Partnerships Limited - opens in a new window or tab, See terms for PayPal Credit - opens in a new window or tab, 1991 Booklet pane AGATHA CHRISTIE SG X1016m MNH / UMM CV10.00 Sale xx (#304814832872), GB 2010 Booklet pane BRITAIN ALONE SG Y1763l MNH / UMM CV22.00 SALe xx (#304814815973). In order to give you the best experience, we use cookies and similar technologies for performance, analytics, personalization, advertising, and to help our site function. George V. In 1931, the Statute of Westminster granted Canada control over its own foreign policy. Horses, Horses & Auto BAnQ P48S1P09804b.jpg, Unclaimed Negative. Harris, Carolyn, 2015. ", The King and Queen visit the Botanical Gardens in Halifax on June 15, 1939. Turning off personalized advertising opts you out of these sales. Learn more in our Privacy Policy., Help Center, and Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. 1939 Royal Visit to Canada Vintage Plate Their Majesties King | Etsy Commenting on the allegorical figures of Peace and Freedom at the top of the memorial, the King said that It is well that we have in one of the worlds capitals a visible reminder of so great a truth that without freedom there can be no enduring peace, and without peace, no enduring freedom.. Vintage 1939 Royal Visit to Canada Souvenir Plate by Alfred Meakin, Sale Price 377.12 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth therefore toured in 1939 as King and Queen of Canada. the National War Memorial on 21 May, the royal couple, instead of returning to their motorcade immediately afterward, spent half an hour mingling with the 25,000 "Happily, no untoward event in Europe has competed for the British public's attention," he said. 1939 KING GEORGE VI QUEEN ELIZABETH VISIT TO CANADA PLATE ADAMS ROYAL IVORY. 1939 royal tour of Canada; 1939; royal tour of Canada by King George VI and Queen Elizabeth undertaken in the build-up to World War II; 1939, royal tour of Canada by King George VI and Queen Elizabeth undertaken in the build-up to World War II, 1939 royal tour of Canada by George VI and Queen Elizabeth, Aberhart, George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Edmonton 1939. At the time, the Roman Catholic school system in Quebec taught that the British conquest of Quebec had protected the region from the secular influence of the French Revolution. View cart for details. King Wheat - Saskatchewan Grain Elevator > 1939 Royal Tour", "Society > The Monarchy > Melville's shining moment", "1939 royal visit to Saskatoon and campus elicited outpouring of loyalty (and purple journalism)", "The British Royal Visit June 712, 1939", Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, "The Foreign Office and the 1939 Royal Visit to America: Courting the USA in an Era of Isolationism", "Biography and People > A Real Companion and Friend > Behind the Diary > Politics, Themes, and Events from King's Life > The Royal Tour of 1939", "CBC Digital Archives: Their Majesties in Canada: 1939 Royal Tour", "Itinerary of the Royal Visit June 7 to June 12, 1939", "That time FDR served hot dogs to the king, and three other strange state dinner facts", "Society > The Monarchy > A word from the Queen", "Society > The Monarchy > A fond farewell", "Coins and Canada - Canada, one dollar, 1939 - Articles on canadian coins", George VI & Elizabeth - 3 cents 1939 - Canadian stamp, 1939 royal tour of Canada by George VI and Queen Elizabeth, Their Majesties in Canada: The 1939 Royal Tour, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1939_royal_tour_of_Canada&oldid=1141877647, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 08:59. At morning rush hour, downtown Ottawa was deserted as though its entire population had been mysteriously wiped out overnight according to the Ottawa Citizen. Features a centre image of King George and Queen Elizabeth, and young Elizabeth and Margaret Rose in the corners. Category:1939 royal tour of Canada by George VI and Queen Elizabeth
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